Types of peaches: description of varieties, selection rules for regions with photos

Eyes run wide before the abundance of peach species. Breeders breed varieties for all possible regions. The technical characteristics of the crop are constantly being improved. But how among the variety to choose the variety that will consistently bear fruit? And how to solve the problem with pollination, given that in most cases the peach is not a self-fertile plant?

Before buying a tree, you should familiarize yourself with the technical characteristics of the crop and correlate them with the climatic features of the region.

Varieties for different regions of Russia

Russia's climate is not uniform. And breeders take this into account: they create popular varieties for each region. The new species is tested for several years and only after that goes on sale.

Southern regions

In the Krasnodar Territory, the climate is ideal for growing peaches. But when choosing species, it is recommended to take into account the characteristics of the soil and the occurrence of groundwater. The tree will bear fruit intensively on structurally fertile soil. Chalky, sandy, loamy soils require cultivation.

In places with high groundwater, the root system will get wet near the tree. This will lead to the death of the plant.

Gardeners of the region successfully grow peach species on clonal (peach) rootstocks. Vladimir, Saturn, Novy, Turnip steppe have proven themselves well. These are cultivars and are not found in the wild.

For mid lane

When choosing a peach variety for planting in the middle lane, in addition to taking into account the structure of the soil and the depth of groundwater, you should pay attention to the winter hardiness of the plant. In cold winters, the shoots and root system must remain he althy.

The warm period in the region is short, therefore, for successful fruiting, it is recommended to choose species with early or medium early ripening.

Return frosts are not uncommon in the Middle Lane. They damage fruit buds and ovaries. Therefore, it is recommended to choose plants with late flowering. In the region, gardeners successfully grow Cardinal, Early Kyiv, Kremlin, Collins.

Ural

The climate of the Urals is characterized by short hot summers and long cold winters. Trees suffer from harsh northeast and northerly winds. For cultivation in the region, only zoned seedlings should be purchased.

These varieties have an indicator called high winter hardiness. Such plants can easily withstand up to -32 degrees, and buds - up to -8. Excellent fruit: Red Maiden, Golden Moscow, Flamingo, Fairy Tale. Resistant to spring frosts: Veteran, G. Lebedev, Valiant.

For Siberia

In Siberia, it is recommended to plant highly winter-hardy peach species. They are buried at 45 degrees and covered for the winter. The plant is grown in bush form.

Excellent fruit: Siberian, Red Maiden, Golden Moscow, Flamingo, Skazka. If it is impossible to get a zoned variety, it is recommended to grow a peach from a stone. Such a plant will be zoned. But fruit size will vary by cultivar.

Northwestern District

Northwest District has cool summers but plenty of light. Winter is also cold, with piercing winds. But the cold is softened by winds from the warm Atlantic. Peaches bloom when there are few pollinating insects. Therefore, it is recommended to choose self-fertile species.

Early ripening peaches with high winter hardiness bear fruit in the region. These include: Collins, Cardinal, Golden Moscow.

Volga region

Some agronomists consider the region ideal for growing peaches due to climatic conditions. The problems of the region are periodic droughts and dry winds. In the Volga region, fruit is excellent: Memory Semerenko, Golden Jubilee, Elberta, Greensboro.

Crimean

Peach orchards are a long tradition in Crimea. But plantings are sometimes damaged by recurrent spring frosts. In the region grow: Red-cheeked, Soviet, Cardinal, Golden Jubilee, G. Lebedev.

North Caucasian

About 500 types of peaches have been tested in the region. Currently, more than 20 are constantly grown. The most famous: Stanichnik, Prometheus of Stavropol, Stavropol pink, Fluffy early, Stavropol red.

Far East

In the Far East, gardeners grow peaches brought from China. Their frost resistance is up to -45 degrees. Some summer residents grow peaches from the stone and get decent yields.

Classification of species by maturity

Depending on the ripening time of peach fruits:

• fruit in mid-summer: July-August (early);
• give the harvest in late summer - early autumn: August-September (middle);
• please with fruits in autumn: in September-October (late).

But only in regions with mild winters and a long warm period is it possible to create a peach conveyor: grow plants of all ripening periods in turn.

Mid-ripening varieties

The average ripening time allows the fruits to properly gain sugar content and aroma. The cultivars produce fruit with a universal purpose.

High winter hardiness of trees, transportability without loss of marketability and excellent yield are attractive.

Redhaven

Some gardeners consider this peach to be the ideal. Plant Feature:

• taste score 4.9 out of 5;
• weight of fruits up to 200 g;
• bone separates;
• flesh has raspberry veins;
• height up to 5 m;
• begins to bear fruit in the 4th year;
• winter hardiness up to -25 degrees;
• yield increases with age: the maximum (up to 110 kg) will be in the 11th year.

Pollinators are recommended to increase yields.

Golden Anniversary

Product of American breeders. Plant Feature:

• yield up to 40 kg per tree;
• fruiting starts 4 years after planting;
• yellow pulp, fragrant;
• medium density;
• bone small;
• peels easily;
• the taste of the pulp is sweet with sourness and slight bitterness;
• winter hardiness up to -25 degrees.

The plant is rarely damaged by diseases.

Stavropol pink

The variety was obtained by Stavropol breeders. Special Features:

• yield up to 40 kg per plant;
• self fertile;
• pulp juicy, fibrous, white;
• taste sweet and sour;
• bone is partially separated.

The fruits are especially tasty in compotes and jams.

Fig peach

This peach looks like a fig. The pubescence is weak, the shape is flattened. It is bred artificially, does not grow in the wild. Excellent fruiting in the southern regions.

Fig peach happens: Vladimir, Saturn, Nikitsky, Belmondo.

Veteran

This is an old kind of peach. Feature:

• drought tolerance excellent;
• frost resistance up to -22 degrees;
• height 4 m;
• spreading crown;
• self-fertile variety;
• bearing after 4 years in the garden;
• yield 50 kg per tree.

The Veteran's main value is stable fruiting.

Hryvnia

This is a hybrid. Feature:

• precocity: bears fruit 2 years after planting;
• fruits are delicate, fragrant;
• frost resistance up to -27 degrees.

The plant attracts with the uniformity of fruits weighing 80 g.

Ruby Prince

Product of American breeders. Features:

• beautiful crimson coloring;
• partial bone separation;
• winter hardiness up to -23 degrees;
• weight of fruits up to 300 g.

Excellent fruit transportability without loss of marketability is attractive.

Donskoy

This peach has a high frost resistance - up to -40 degrees Celsius. Feature:

• drought tolerant;
• yield up to 10 buckets per tree;
• resistance to leaf curl.

Fruits aligned (weight 90 g), the taste is pleasant. The pit comes off easily.

Kremlin peach

Product of Crimean breeders:

• tree grows up to 10 m;
• fruits weighing up to 200 g;
• flavored pulp;
• taste sweet and sour;
• requires watering during prolonged droughts.

Withstands frosts down to -25 degrees.

Cardinal

Product of American breeders. Special Features:

• height up to 2.5m;
• self fertile;
• fruit flavor is pleasant, sweet;
• fruits aligned;
• weight up to 150 g;
• yield up to 40 kg per tree.

Winter hardiness down to -22 degrees Celsius.

Golden Moscow

Product of Crimean breeders. Plant Feature:

• height up to 3.5m;
• pubescent fruits;
• juicy flesh;
• skin is dense, easy to clean;
• taste sweet and sour;
• frost resistance up to -28 degrees.

Fruits have a universal purpose.

Siberian

Productivity increases with the age of the tree. At 10 years old, it gives up to 50-60 kg. The plant is frost resistant. Wood is practically not damaged by frost. The fruits are fragrant, juicy, dense. Peach can be grown in almost any region.

Late-ripening varieties

Late varieties are recommended to be planted in regions with a long warm period. In other areas, the fruits will not have time to ripen.

Fury

The variety produces the largest fruits. The mass of one fruit reaches 450 g. Feature:

• winter hardiness up to -28 degrees;
• self fertile;
• taste score 4.9 out of 5;
• bone separates completely;
• plant is resistant to curliness.

This is a perspective view of a peach.

Frost

Product of American breeders:

• frost resistance up to -26 degrees;
• height up to 3 m;
• weight of fruits up to 200 g;
• fruit pulp is yellow, juicy;
• The bone is completely separated.

The advantage is consistently high yields. The fruits have a universal purpose.

Jaminat

Product of a Dagestan breeder. Plant Feature:

• height up to 3 m;
• fruits weighing up to 160 g;
• pubescence is light;
• flesh is yellow, juicy;
• taste sweet-sour, refreshing.

The variety gives consistently high yields (up to 190 q/ha).

Elberta

The variety has delicious sweet fruits with bitterness. Their weight is up to 150 g. But the variety is not frost-resistant. And it can not boast of resistance to diseases. Its value is to obtain table peaches.

Irganai late

Produced in Dagestan. Height up to 4 m. Fruits are sweet with sourness, juicy. The bone is completely separated. Fruits of universal purpose.

Early ripening

As a rule, early varieties are fast-growing. 2 years after planting, they give a harvest. The yield increases with the age of the trees.

Fluffy early

The fruit has a strongly pubescent skin. Plant Feature:

• height up to 3 m;
• spreading crown;
• bone does not separate;
• pulp juicy, fragrant;
• self-fertile variety.

Peach value - early fruits for fresh consumption.

Dagestan gold

Obtained in Dagestan as a result of free pollination. Special Features:

• tree size up to 3 m;
• spreading crown, rounded;
• fruits weigh up to 150 g;
• taste delicate, harmonious;
• pubescence is weak.

The value of the variety is the early fruits of universal use.

Greensboro

Bred by American breeders. Special Features:

• self-fertile;
• precocity (yields a crop 2 years after planting);
• white pulp, juicy;
• taste great (score 4.6 out of 5);
• impossibility of transportation without loss of marketability.

Yield in 10 years - up to 60 kg per tree.

White Swan

Obtained by Crimean breeders. Special Features:

• unpretentiousness;
• excellent taste;
• white skin and flesh color;
• self-fertile;
• precocity;
• yield up to 60 kg per tree.

The tree gives large fruits: up to 200 g.

Morettini's favorite

The variety is early and self-fertile. Yield up to 50 kg per plant. Pulp of excellent dessert taste, juicy, sweet. Favorit's value is resistance to fruit shedding after ripening.

Early Kyiv

Industrial grade. The tree grows up to 5 m. The variety is early-growing: the first crop gives in 2 years. The fruits are leveled, tasty, juicy. Weight up to 90 g. Productivity up to 60 kg of fruit from one tree.

Frost resistant

When growing in regions with harsh long winters, it is recommended to choose winter-hardy varieties when selecting seedlings.

Vavilovsky

Bred in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden. Grade Value:

• resistance to powdery mildew and curliness;
• excellent sweet fruit taste;
• dessert purpose of fruits;
• consistently high yields.

Trees have a slightly spreading crown up to 5 m high.

Fluffy early

The fruit has a strongly pubescent skin. Plant Feature:

• height up to 3 m;
• spreading crown;
• bone does not separate;
• pulp juicy, fragrant;
• self-fertile variety.

Peach value - early fruits for fresh consumption.

Juicy

Variety with table fruits. Known since 1947. Gives consistently high yields. But disease resistance is low.

Winter hardy

Productive variety with high frost resistance. The plant can be grown as a bush form. Fruits up to 120 g, tasty, juicy, fragrant. The plant overloads itself with fruits: normalization is required.

Self-fertile peaches

Peach is a crop that requires a pollinator in the garden. But some varieties are able to pollinate themselves. It is necessary to take into account that in self-fertile plants, a nearby pollinator increases fruiting by 25-30%.

Inca

The variety was obtained in Poland by free pollination. Features:

• grows over 5m;
• frost resistance is excellent (up to -25);
• almost not sick;
• dessert fruits, juicy;
• oily pulp;
• The bone is completely separated.

The fruits are very attractive: they are pink, pubescent.

Volcano

Deduced by Canadian breeders. Grade Benefits:

• fruits of excellent dessert taste;
• fruit carry long distance transportation;
• fruits can be frozen;
• variety gives stable yields.

The plant is not affected by curliness.

Harnas

Product of Canadian breeders. Grade Benefits:

• high yield;
• precocity;
• excellent fruit dessert taste;
• fruit weighing up to 140 g;
• bone is not completely separated.

When planting, it should be borne in mind that the plant has a large habit.

Boxer

Product of national selection. Tests did not pass, not zoned in any region. Distinctive feature: fruits weighing up to 1.3 kg. But there are very few of them on the tree.

Large-fruited varieties of peach

Gardeners dream of planting a tree with large fruits. But in order to successfully obtain regular crops, it is recommended to take into account additional characteristics:

• resistance to diseases and pests;
• precocity;
• self-fertile;
• frost resistance;
• plant habit.

Perhaps, it will not be possible to select a tree with all the parameters for the given region. Then it is recommended to prefer a plant with medium fruits, but giving stable yields in this climate.

New promising varieties

Breeders are constantly improving existing varieties of peach trees. The complex characteristic changes. Increases frost resistance and drought resistance, immunity to disease.

But how to find the most suitable peach for a given garden? Summer residents evaluated the new varieties of 2022-2023. Earley, Harnas, Suncrest, Harko, Harrow Diamond, Harbiner.

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