Pear Russian beauty: variety description and characteristics, planting, cultivation and care

Pear Russian beauty is easiest to grow in the Central part of Russia. The description indicates that the variety is unpretentious and rarely gets sick. There are many other positive features as well. Gardeners should be more careful in choosing a seedling and preparing a site for planting. Care involves regular watering, fertilizing, pruning and protection from winter frosts.

Description and characteristics of pear Russian beauty

The pear variety Russian beauty was bred by breeders specifically for the climate of central Russia. The well-known geneticist S. Chernenko took part in the creation of the variety, so the variety is also called Beauty Chernenko.

The plant belongs to the early autumn varieties. The tree begins to bloom in the 20th of May, you can start collecting ripe fruits in the first decade of September.

The tree does not tolerate frost and drought, so it will be difficult to grow in the southern and northern regions of the country.

After planting a young tree, the first fruits can be harvested in the 6th year. The number of crops grows gradually and reaches its maximum only after three years.

Tree

Tree tall, reaches 6 meters. The crown is in the form of a cone, not too dense. The trunk and branches are light brown in color and grow evenly. The branches are directed upwards. The leaves are large and dark green in color. Their shape is oblong, turning into a pointed tip. The edges of the leaves are slightly serrated.

Fruits

From one tree Russian beauty summer residents can collect up to 62 kg of ripe fruit. The weight of each pear ranges from 200 g to 350 g. Other fruit characteristics include:

• skin is dense but tender, greenish-yellow, red on the sides;
• the pulp contains a lot of juice and smells delicious;
• fruit ripening is not simultaneous;
• fruit shape is elongated.

The harvested pear crop is consumed fresh, and the fruits are also used to make jam, juices, compotes, preserves.

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

The positive qualities of the Russian Beauty variety are:

• large fruits;
• formation of numerous crops;
• high immunity to common diseases;
• good keeping quality and the ability to transport fruits over long distances;
• self-fertile (no additional pollination required).

Disadvantages of the variety are also indicated in the description:

• poor cold tolerance (below -24 degrees);
• pear is drought resistant;
• late fruit ripening limits;
• a tall tree makes it difficult to care for.

After planting, it will take a long time to wait for the first harvest. The maximum number of fruits begins to ripen after 12 years.

How to plant a pear?

The normal development of the Russian beauty pear variety is largely determined by the correct planting procedure.

Seedling selection

For planting, it is best to choose seedlings that are one or two years old, as they take root best. The following characteristics testify to the quality and he alth of the seedling:

• trunk (its thickness must be at least 1 cm) and flexible branches;
• the height of the seedling is not more than one meter;
• bark is smooth, light brown, no scratches or cracks;
• root branches without dry and rotten roots;
• roots must have at least three branches.

Before planting, shorten the strongest and largest roots of the tree by about 11 cm. Cut off the top of the tree. Then the roots of the seedling are placed in a bucket of warm water.

Date of planting

You can plant a crop in mid-autumn or spring. In autumn, they start planting before the onset of frost - in early October. April is the best time for spring. The soil should warm up well, and the night air temperature should not be below +4 degrees.

Place and soil for pear

In order for the pear to develop successfully, it is necessary to choose the right land:

• For planting pears, choose a warm and well-lit area, protected from through winds.
• The selected place should not be shadowed by neighboring buildings and trees. The distance from the pear to other fruit trees should be at least three meters.
• Underground groundwater should not pass too close to the surface of the earth. The minimum depth of their flow is 2 meters.
• The soil should be fertile, loose, with good aeration and neutral acidity.

The Russian beauty pear variety is a self-fertile crop, but pollinators are needed to increase yields. Other pears are planted nearby for this purpose.

Preparing the pit

The planting pit for a young tree is prepared in advance:

• Dig a hole 95 cm deep and 76 cm in diameter.
• The top layer of earth is mixed with nutrients.
• The resulting soil mixture is poured into the bottom of the pit.
• If it is planned to plant several seedlings, then the distance of 5 meters recede.

Before planting, the pit is covered with a film so that water does not penetrate inside.

Fitting technology

In order for the plant to quickly adapt to a new place, it is necessary to carry out the planting procedure correctly:

• In the hole, stepping back 5 cm from the center, a 140 cm high pole is installed. It will serve as a support for a young tree.
• The soil at the bottom of the pit is formed in the form of a hill.
• The seedling is placed in the middle of the formed hill and the roots are distributed.
• Fill the hole with earth, periodically ramming it.
• A ditch is made around the tree trunk for irrigation and pre-prepared warm water is poured in.
• Tie a tree trunk to a support.
• Mulch the soil with a layer of peat or sawdust.

Attention! It is unacceptable to add fresh manure to the pit. This fertilizer will burn the root system and the plant will die.

How to properly care for a plant?

Caring for a plant is easy. But you should know and perform some actions so that the plant spends all its strength on the formation of sweet fruits.

Cutting

The tree is tall, so it is necessary to carry out regular shaping and thinning pruning:

1. At the first stage, the three strongest branches are determined and shortened by a third. The rest are completely cut out.
2. The next year, the second tier of the crown is formed from three branches, which are also shortened.
3. After a year, they begin to form the third tier of the crown, leaving one or two main shoots.

From the fifth year of growth, pears begin thinning pruning. Remove branches that grow horizontally. They also cut young branches that interfere with the penetration of light.

In the last days of October and in March, all damaged, dry and diseased branches are removed. Places of cuts should be treated with garden pitch.

Irrigation

The pear must be watered several times during the entire growing season:

• before flowering (late April or early May);
• after the end of the flowering period;
• in the future they are guided by the weather (if the weather is hot and there is little rain, then watered 4 times);
• last watering is carried out in the second decade of September.

Young seedlings are moistened even more often. The first two seasons after planting, the tree needs up to 15 liters of water in 7 days. In the following years, the amount of water increases to 25 liters in 2.5 weeks. After moistening the soil, it is imperative to loosen.

Whitewash

Washing is necessary to protect the tree from winter frosts, as well as from some infections and pests. The trunk and lower branches are covered with whitewash.

The composition can be made independently from lime, clay and blue vitriol.

Fertilizers

Pear is fertilized with nutrients throughout the growing season:

• Organic components are recommended to be applied in the fall every three years. Suitable humus, compost, bird droppings.
• Before flowering, it is desirable to add urea, s altpeter and urea.
• After flowering, spraying with a liquid solution of urea is useful.
• In autumn, it will not be superfluous to feed the soil with mineral compounds. You can use a mixture of superphosphate and potassium chloride.

It is very important to follow the recommended proportions when diluting the composition. Not only a lack, but also an excess of trace elements can adversely affect the development of a culture.

Preparing for winter

The tree does not tolerate frosts below -24 degrees, so the pear should be carefully prepared for wintering:

• In the near-stem zone, fallen leaves, debris are removed, weeds are removed.
• The earth is being dug up.
• The area around the trunk is mulched with peat or straw. The thickness of the mulch should be 20 cm.
• After that, cover the trunk with spruce branches or burlap.
• After the snow falls, a snowdrift is thrown near the trunk. Snow from the branches needs to be shaken so that under its weight they do not break.

If these requirements are met, the fruit tree will more easily endure low temperatures.

Diseases and pests of pears

Among the diseases that can most often damage a plant are powdery mildew, black cancer, and brown spot.The fact that a pear is infected with an infection can be found out by the condition of the leaves and trunk. On the leaves there is a white bloom or spots of different colors. The trunk of the tree is cracked and the color changes.

Of the pests, the Russian beauty pear in most cases is attacked by pear sucker and codling moth. The ovaries begin to fall off, the leaves curl, turn yellow. The fruits fall prematurely.

Ways to protect pears from diseases

To cope with the infection and protect the tree from re-infection, the treatment with Bordeaux liquid, blue vitriol, Bactofit, Kuprosil helps.

Ways to control pear insect pests

The tree can be treated with such preparations as Iskra, Fufanon. In autumn, it is imperative to dig up the near-trunk zone and remove fallen leaves.

Harvesting and preservation of crops

The harvest begins to ripen in the first half of September, but you can start harvesting in the last days of August. Harvesting is carried out in dry, clear weather. The pear is harvested unripe, when the skin has only begun to turn yellow. The harvested crop is removed for ripening in a warm, well-ventilated area.

Pears for storage should be put in wooden boxes. Each row of fruit is separated with sawdust or hay. It should be stored in a cool dark place at a temperature of +1 to +3 degrees. Under such conditions, pears will be stored for up to 1.5 months.

Council. Pears intended for long storage do not need to be stemmed.

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