Actinidia in Siberia: growing and caring for the plant, the best varieties of kiwi, breeding

Actinidia in Siberia is common, growing is done according to special methods. The berries have a unique taste and are rich in essential minerals, including vitamin C. The crop can be stored without degrading.

Is it possible to grow actinidia in Siberia?

The plant is famous for its palatability and attractive appearance of the shrub, which is often used as a decorative ornament in the garden. For regions such as Siberia, frost-resistant varieties are suitable. The plant is thermophilic, so many believe that it is impossible to grow actinidia in Siberia.In summer, the air temperature in the Siberian regions warms up to +27, so growing a crop is possible, however, care must be taken to obtain a crop.

Suitable varieties

Actinidia berries are small and kiwi-like in taste and have a high level of preservation after harvest. The following varieties can be used for growing in Siberia:

1. Dr. Shimanovsky. The hybrid has an attractive shrub appearance and is often used for landscaping gardens. The bush must be planted near fences or buildings, the berries are yellow, fall off after ripening.
2. Adam. The appearance of the culture is distinguished by white and pink leaves among the green array. Liana is rapidly increasing in length. Berries are green, oblong in shape.
3. Queen of the garden. Differs in the size of the fruit, which reach up to 4 grams. Bushes grow up to two meters. Branches weave along the fences.
4. Waffle. This variety of culture is distinguished by the taste characteristics of fruits with a high presence of sugar. The fruit has a weight of up to 3.5 grams. The bushes are tall, sometimes reaching a height of 5 meters.
5. Folk. This variety has brown berries and is resistant to diseases, as well as the presence of strawberry notes in the taste.
6. Hope. The variety is distinguished by immunity and early ripening of fruits.

When choosing a variety, it is necessary to take into account the type of soil and plant care features.

Features of growing plants in this region

The Siberian region is distinguished by its climate and soil, so when growing it is necessary to observe some features for the development of the plant and obtaining the required yield.

Site selection and soil composition

The plant is a perennial, so when choosing soil, all features must be taken into account, otherwise actinidia may die.

The soil must meet the following requirements:

• neutral acidity;
• preference is given to loamy fertile soils;
• Amount of moisture is moderate, accumulation of liquid can lead to root rot.

When choosing a place, it is necessary to give preference to a sunny area, mainly on a hill. Since the shoots of the bush look like a creeper, it is necessary to provide a fence along which the branches will curl in the future. The bush should have a large amount of space, not suitable for planting areas with a lot of trees.

When to plant

Actinidia is planted in the Urals in the spring. In autumn, the culture may not have time to get stronger before the first frosts. In spring, planting material is planted in early May, when the air warms up.

If there are still slight frosts, the plant can cope on its own without harm to the roots and shoots.

Important. To protect the seedling from possible low temperatures, it is necessary to use a plastic bag in the first few weeks after planting, which covers the culture overnight.

How to choose the right seedling

When choosing planting material, the following features should be considered:

• The roots of the culture must be closed, as they can very often be damaged during transportation.
• There should be no seals or damage on the cuttings.
• The cutting should be no more than 1 year old. Such planting material quickly adapts to a new place of growth.
• It is necessary to purchase seedlings in specialized places. When buying, you must specify the availability of both male and female seedlings.

Seedlings cannot be stored for a long time. Therefore, after the acquisition, it is recommended to immediately plant the plant in the soil, otherwise the cutting will weaken.

Landing

During the landing process, the following rules must be observed:

• Clear the landing site of vegetation. Dig a hole 40 cm deep.
• Drainage is laid on the bottom of the hole.
• The soil that was removed from the hole must be mixed in equal proportions with humus, a glass of superphosphate and 50 grams of potash fertilizer.
• A quarter of the hole is filled with nutrient composition, forming a mound.
• The stalk is released from the film that preserves the integrity of the lump on the roots, the free processes of the root on the mound are carefully straightened. The remaining nutrient mixture is poured into the hole and rammed.
• A pole is installed near the cutting to support the plant during growth.
• The hole is watered with plenty of warm water.

When planting a crop, it is necessary to observe a distance between the holes of at least 60 cm.

Subtleties of caring for actinidia in Siberia

Often actinidia is used as a decoration, but in order to get a crop, you must follow the rules for caring for the plant.

Irrigation

The plant does not like excessively moist soil, which can lead to diseases. The culture is moistened as needed. On average, watering is carried out every 3 days. Drainage should be made at the planting site to drain excess fluid.

Cutting

Pruning the plant starts from the second year of growth. At the first pruning, it is necessary to remove all sprouts, except for 2-3 strong vines. The following year, a few more shoots are left to form a bush.The left shoots must be tied to a support so that they can curl in a vertical direction.

Yearly, it is necessary to remove damaged branches and the top of the vines for several buds. In the third year of growth, it is necessary to thin out the bush, removing broken branches and shortening the shoots on which the fruits form.

Tapestry

In order for actinidia not to damage the shoots and form a bush, it is necessary to make a special support called a trellis. You can make it according to the following algorithm:

• prepare branches with a diameter of 1 cm in the amount of 20-30 pieces;
• dig in the required number of branches at the same distance;
• attach branches horizontally to dug-in instances, forming a network at the same distance;
• in places where diamonds are formed, it is necessary to additionally attach a wire to strengthen the structure;
• protruding branches are trimmed to form a section;
• the number of such sections depends on the number of bushes.

You can make tapestries from any material. This type of support is mounted in the second year of plant development.

Important. In order not to use a support, the crop can be planted near the building, on which the mesh is pre-mounted from the wire.

Feeding

Fertilizer is applied as follows:

Fertilizer type	Period
Potassium s alt	Applied in April to the soil (30 grams per square meter)
Phosphate fertilizers	Used in May
Wood ash	Applied in the middle of summer
Superphosphate	Used in September in the amount of 35 grams per square meter

Timely top dressing will stimulate the culture to develop and form fruits.

Pest and disease control

Actinidia has a strong immunity to diseases, but the following types of problems may occur:

• Phyllostictosis - refers to a fungal type of disease. More often it affects adult types of culture and manifests itself in the form of spots on leaves and trunks. To eliminate the disease, it is necessary to spray with Bordeaux liquid.
• Ramulariasis - manifests itself in the form of white spots on the leaves. To eliminate the pathology, damaged shoots are removed. The bush is treated with Bordeaux liquid.
• Powdery mildew - manifests itself in the form of plaque on the leaves. To remove, it is necessary to spray with a solution of soda ash.

Among the pests that can occur on actinidia, it is necessary to highlight:

• leaf beetle - damages leaves and young shoots, causing the plant to wilt;
• bug - affects the shoots and fruits of the culture.

To remove, you can use Bordeaux liquid or a light solution of copper sulfate. In difficult cases, it is necessary to use chemicals against pests.

Cultivation

Reproduction of actinidia is done in the following ways:

1. The use of arc layers - carried out in the spring. One young shoot is selected, which is sprinkled with soil and left until the roots appear. A year later, the shoot is separated from the mother bush and transplanted to a new location.
2. Shanks. For reproduction, it is necessary to cut off the one-year-old shoot and divide it into several parts. Each segment should have 3 kidneys. Place cuttings in water. Then plant in the ground and cover with a film or glass jar.
3. Seeds. To obtain seedlings, you need to take a ripened fruit and knead it with a fork. The resulting slurry is washed with plenty of water, the seeds are dried and stored in a cloth bag until planting. Seeds are planted for seedlings in February, for this purpose special seedling containers are used.

Propagation by cuttings is the method used. Such plants quickly adapt to a new place and tolerate diseases more easily.

Harvesting actinidia in Siberia

The crop harvest time depends on the variety. Actinidia in Siberia ripens in early August, late varieties ripen in mid-September. Berries can be picked ahead of time for further storage. To do this, they must be spread in a thin layer on the windowsill and mixed regularly to ripen from all sides.

Cultivation in Siberia does not require complex care.To obtain a crop, it is necessary to choose varieties that can withstand low temperatures and adapt to sudden changes in temperature. The berries are used for fresh consumption, as well as preparations for the winter.

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