Brugmansia: planting and care in the open field, growing and propagating at home

To plant an exotic Brugmansia plant and provide appropriate care, you need to know a few simple rules. Despite the fact that the guest from South America is accustomed to a hot and humid climate, even in the conditions of central Russia, you can enjoy her beautiful flowers. Indoor varieties will delight hosts and surprise guests all year round.

Description

Brugmansia is known primarily for its beautiful flowers, reminiscent of giant gramophones hanging on the branches. Their colors are very diverse: depending on the variety, you can find white, yellow, red, all shades of pink and even multi-colored.Breeders who create more and more new garden varieties have bred plants with double and multi-tiered flowers that look like fancy ball gowns.

Popular varieties

In nature, Brugmansia is a shrub or tree that grows up to five meters. However, not so high varieties have been bred for breeding at home, differing in the shape and shade of flowers and leaves. More than a hundred cultivars are grown around the world, in Russia the following are among the most popular.

Fragrant

Brugmansia fragrant (fragrant) pleases the eye with white or light green flowers up to 30 cm long and up to 15 cm in diameter. The buds are pinkish.

Golden

Thanks to the yellow-orange flowers, the variety was called "golden". The large leaves grow up to 50 cm long and are soft to the touch.

Snow White

Initially, the flowers were white, which gave the variety its name, but on its basis varieties with yellow and apricot colors were bred. It is a low tree, for which it has a second name - woody. The leaves are velvety to the touch, oval in shape.

Colorful

This variety of Brugmansia is called colorful for the unusual color of the flowers, which can change from white to peach or apricot with age. Gramophones grow longer than 50 cm, making them the largest of the plants of this genus.

Blood Red

Blood red Brugmansia from Brazil. The tree grows up to one and a half meters. During flowering it is covered with flowers up to 30 cm long, painted in red and white stripes on the tube and yellow-green shades at the base.

Variegated

The variety differs from others in the color of the leaves: they are green, covered with silvery spots, along the edge there is a white-yellow border. The flowers are large, white or cream.

Tree-like

Brugmansia tree came to us from Brazil and became the ancestor of many varieties with a wide variety of flower colors. Bells of flowers, compared with other plants of this genus, are relatively small, up to 12 cm long.

Features of outdoor cultivation

The subtropical origin of Brugmansia makes it unacceptable for her wintering on a personal plot in a frosty climate. Temperatures below +5 will destroy the tree. In Russia, a plant in open ground is bred only in the south, for example, in the Crimea.

If the climatic conditions are unfavorable, the plant in a pot is taken indoors for the winter, and in the warm season, a tub with Brugmansia is taken out into the garden.If the temperature allows, the perennial is dropped into the open ground for the summer, and closer to the autumn frosts, they are again transplanted into a tub and taken into the room for the winter. To make the process of transplanting easier, the plant is grown in a container with holes, transplanted with it.

Choosing a seat

In order for Brugmansia to feel good and delight with abundant flowering, it is necessary to provide it with conditions as close as possible to the subtropics and tropics, where the plant comes from. This means that sufficient lighting and humidity will be required. The tree does not like the wind, because drafts create windage due to the size of the flowers and leaves.

Soil preparation

The ideal soil for Brugmansia is fertile, loose, neutral. At the place of future placement for the plant, a mixture of loam, humus and peat is prepared. The components are mixed well, loosened and disinfected with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

Irrigation

The tree in nature grows in the humid tropics, so it is important to provide it with enough water. The plant in the summer season requires daily watering, and on hot days it may be necessary to moisten the soil twice a day, it all depends on the condition of the soil. But stagnant water should also not be allowed, it is dangerous no less than drought.

In addition to watering, frequent spraying is necessary. During the flowering period, care must be taken to ensure that moisture does not get on the flowers. Spraying is best late in the evening.

Feeding

The tree is fed regularly: starting from spring and throughout the warm season, complex fertilizers are applied every 7-10 days, watering Brugmansia with water with top dressing added to it. You can feed the plant with organic matter, for example, a solution of mullein with water in a ratio of 1:10. Blooming Brugmansia is deficient in phosphorus and potassium.

Cutting

In order for Brugmansia to please with luxurious flowering, you need to regularly cut the shoots, forming a crown.

When to hold

Sanitary pruning of Brugmansia is carried out before the start of the active growth phase, as a rule, this time falls at the end of February - the beginning of March. Autumn pruning is done to prepare the plant for wintering.

Scheme

First of all, you need to determine on which branches the flowers will appear, so as not to accidentally cut them off.

• Firstly, the flowering part of the plant differs from the non-flowering part in leaves. There is a ledge in the flowering zone at the base of the leaf plate, symmetrical whole leaves grow in the area without flowers.
• Secondly, the buds grow on shoots shaped like the letter Y. Such branches are not cut, only the tops of non-flowering ones are shortened by no more than three buds.
• In addition, the standard shrub pruning of dry, damaged, too long, thickening non-flowering shoots is carried out.

How often

Pruning is carried out annually in early spring, if necessary, preparing the plant for wintering - in the fall. In the summer, thinning and trimming the crown is not required, unless the gardener wants to give it some interesting shape.

Reproduction

Brugmansia is propagated by cuttings, layering and seeds. The most popular is cuttings, the material can be prepared by yourself or purchased at the store.

Cutting

Most gardeners prefer cuttings from shrubs as this is the easiest and most reliable way. Cuttings are harvested in September or March, for which shoots are cut from the top of the plant about 20 cm long. The lower leaves are cut off, the upper ones are cut in half.

You can root cuttings in water or directly in the substrate. After the formation of a sufficient number of roots, the cutting is transplanted to a permanent place, whether it be a tub or open ground.

Layers

To propagate Brugmansia by air layers, you need to choose last year's shoot at the top of the bush. A wedge-shaped transverse incision is made on it, sphagnum moss is applied, wrapped with a film on top. After the formation of roots in a month and a half, the shoot is cut off and planted in a pot, placed in a shaded place and sprayed daily.

Seeds

When Brugmansia is propagated by seeds, heredity is not preserved, so a sprout of a completely different variety may appear. The seeds of the plant are sown at the end of winter to a depth of 2 cm, covered with a film, maintain a warm and humid regime in bright light. After 2 weeks, shoots can be expected, and after the appearance of the fifth leaflet, the plant is transplanted into a temporary pot.After the root system of the flower grows to the entire substrate, the seedling is moved to a permanent place.

Subtleties of winter care

In the southern regions, the plant winters in open ground. In more northern latitudes, the flower hibernates indoors in a pot, and for the summer the plant is planted in open ground or taken out into the garden right in a tub. Wintering Brugmansia indoors is possible in several ways:

• Flower in winter. In order for the plant to bloom all year round, the pot is placed in a warm room and artificial lighting is used to maintain a long daylight hours.
• Half rest. A tub with Brugmansia is placed in a bright room with a temperature of up to +15, watered periodically.
• Peace. Wintering flower in a dark cool room. They maintain the temperature up to +5, through irrigation they only maintain soil moisture.
• Wintering with cuttings. If it is not possible to provide conditions for the wintering of a whole perennial, you can prepare a stalk from a flowering bush in the summer. To do this, cut off a part of the shoot with the apical bud, root it and get a young flowering plant next spring.

Diseases and pests

Both when grown outdoors and when planted in a pot at home, Brugmansia is not immune from damage by diseases and pests. On the street, the flower is often attacked by parasites that eat foliage; fungal diseases can develop indoors. Timely treatment with special preparations will help keep the plant he althy.

Spider mite

If bright dots appear on the leaves of a perennial in hot and dry weather, growing into large colorless areas, and a cobweb on the underside, this is a defeat of Brugmansia by a spider mite. "Fitoverm", "Aktara" and increasing humidity cope well with it.

Aphid

Insect colony can be identified visually, the first signs of their appearance on the plant are twisted tops of the shoots and sticky coating on the leaves. They fight the pest by washing the greens with soapy water and spraying with tobacco dust.

Viral diseases

The defeat of viruses leads to the cessation of the growth of Brugmansia. At the first signs, which can be expressed in the manifestation of foreign colored areas on the greenery, deformation, twisting, the plant is isolated and destroyed in order to prevent infection of neighboring ones.

Nitrogen starvation

Signs of nitrogen starvation are yellowing and falling off of greenery. To combat the disease, it is necessary to feed the plant with nitrogen-containing fertilizer.

How to grow at home

To grow Brugmansia at home, you need to provide it with warmth and sufficient humidity. Care should be taken in choosing a location for the plant, as the strong aroma can cause headaches.

Soil selection

The soil for the plant needs fertile and moist, but at the same time light. A mixture of humus, biohumus, clay soil in 1 part and 2 parts of peat is well suited. The mixture is well loosened, moistened and disinfected in any way before planting.

Transfer

Brugmansia is transplanted every year, increasing the size of the pot as the root system of the plant grows. The perennial should be dug out carefully so as not to damage the roots, the whole earthen ball should be placed in a plastic pot with drainage holes.

Prevention

To keep the plant he althy, you need to take simple preventive measures:

• When watering, avoid getting water on the leaves and flowers.
• Regular airing or taking the tub with the plant to fresh air will help against the spider mite, which loves stagnant air.
• Adding crushed charcoal to the soil will prevent fungal infections and putrefactive bacteria.
• As a prevention of fungal diseases, you can treat the flower with fungicidal preparations.
• Insecticide treatment to prevent pest infestation.

Answers to questions

The most common question asked by novice growers is why the plant does not bloom. The reason may be a lack of light or other violations of the rules for the care and maintenance of perennials. If this is a delay in the beginning of flowering after a period of winter dormancy or semi-dormancy with the onset of spring, then it may have occurred as a result of violations of wintering conditions. If you store the plant in compliance with the temperature and light conditions, then even wintering in an apartment, in the summer it will delight you with bright and beautiful flowers.

Reviews

Gardeners who have tried growing Brugmansia are captivated by the beauty of the plant and the variety of species. Groups are being created in social networks, flower growers from different cities are exchanging tips on growing and cuttings.

Alina, 34 years old: “Faced with a spider mite. It's good that I noticed it in time. Treated twice with Actellik, and the insects disappeared. ”

Most of the reviews are positive, despite some difficulties in growing a perennial, flower growers recommend planting it on a plot or at home.

Although the origin of Brugmansia is exotic, the plant takes root perfectly in our latitudes. You can enjoy the beautiful flowers of a perennial by planting it in a tub at home or placing it on a personal plot. If you provide the tree with the necessary care, it will give real aesthetic pleasure.

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