Garden daisies: description of species and varieties, planting, cultivation and care with photos

Garden perennial daisies are used for decorative purposes to decorate the garden and home gardens, as they are considered the most beautiful and romantic flowers. The plant is unpretentious, but with irregular care it can die. In order for the plant to please with its attractive appearance for many years, it is necessary to follow all the requirements for planting and caring for the crop.

Botanical description

Garden chamomile is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Astrov family. The stem, on which alternately two-pinnate leaves are located, can reach a maximum height of 60 cm.The top of the plant is decorated with a large inflorescence, collected from many reed and non-reed flowers of white and yellow hue. The plant is characterized by active growth and early flowering.

Different from the real ones

Chamomile is considered a Russian folk flower, but this species can be found on many continents in a cultivated form. In the wild, in meadows and fields, medicinal chamomile grows, which is actively used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes.

According to biologists, garden chamomile has nothing to do with a wild plant. Since this is a leucanthemum, which differs from it in that it has less pronounced white petals, a thinner, dissected leaf plate and a rich aroma.

Features

Garden chamomile has a strong and resilient stem and a dense bright bud with snow-white petals and a yellow center. The plant is able to bloom for a long time, and sometimes throughout the summer. It looks great cut and is able to maintain its original appearance for a long period.

Varieties

The most popular types of garden chamomile, which is preferred by most gardeners.

Meadow

The plant forms a bush endowed with straight numerous stems reaching 90 cm in height. On each branch there is a bud, which is a yellow basket with white ray flowers.

Kuril

Relates to late-flowering garden daisies that grow no more than 20 cm. The root system is dense and strong. The maximum diameter of the inflorescence is 8 cm.

Marsh

A rather low species, reaching a height of 25 cm. Able to form a lush bush. The leaves have a bright green color, and the side flowers in the inflorescence are snow-white. The flower is characterized by an interesting shape, which is why the plant is often called a chrysanthemum.

Biggest

The plant reaches 1 m in height. The rhizome is localized on the surface. A large bud up to 10 cm in diameter has white petals arranged in several rows and a yellow center.

Large

Spruce garden chamomile is large and is considered one of the largest species. The stem grows up to 90 cm in height, the bud itself is more than 15 cm in diameter.

Terry cloth

Decorative perennial has large white flowers, a stem that varies from 50 to 100 cm in length. The inflorescence has a diameter of 10 to 12 cm. It begins to bloom from early June to late August.

Popular varieties

Culture boasts of these varieties.

Large-flowered Alaska

The inflorescence has snow-white petals and a dark yellow core. A bud in diameter can reach 10 cm, and the bush itself is 80 cm high.

Crazy Daisy

Herbaceous plant has a straight stem up to 1 m high, on which are oblong pinnately dissected leaves with a serrated edge. Buds in diameter reach 12 cm, can be simple and terry.

May Queen

A bush up to 90 cm high is distinguished by double or semi-double inflorescences. It has a white shade of reed flowers along the edges. Pleases with long flowering.

Princess

A small plant that grows no more than 30 cm in height. The diameter of the inflorescence is 8 cm. The plant blooms for no more than a month, but if you cut off the old bud, then there is a possibility of extending the growing season.

North Star

Different from other varieties in the presence of thin pointed petals collected in baskets. The width of the bud is 16 cm. The branched stem can grow up to 45 cm in length.

Garden Princess

Branched compact plant no more than 35 cm in height, has a large number of inflorescences over 10 cm in diameter. The stems are characterized by density and elasticity.

Silver Princess

A small plant up to 30 cm long, which during the growth period forms new stems, due to which it blooms throughout the growing season. Has large inflorescences with long white petaled flowers.

Winner

The variety is able to reach more than 90 cm in height. It became popular due to the large number of impressive buds with snow-white petals. Blooms from June to August for several years without a transplant.

Landing

You can plant garden chamomile in several ways, namely by seedling method, sowing in open ground. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages.

With seeds

Seeds can be sown directly into the ground. This method is fast, does not require significant expenditure of time and energy.

Timing

Chamomile seeds are highly resistant to frost, so they are sown both in spring and autumn. Sowing before winter can not only ensure the guaranteed germination of strong plants, but also significantly save time in the spring. When planting in the spring, make sure that the air temperature is 16 degrees.

Plant pattern

When planting garden chamomile seeds in open ground, carefully study the planting algorithm:

1. Carefully loosen the soil saturated with mineral fertilizers.
2. Thickly sprinkle seeds over it.
3. Sprinkle a little earth on top of the seeds.

The plant does not respond well to wetlands, so you should take care of the availability of neutral territory for planting in advance.

Agrofiber

For quick and guaranteed seed germination, it is recommended to use covering material. It is best to sow garden chamomile seeds under agrofibre.

Thinning

After the germinated plants have 3 pairs of true leaves, it is recommended to pinch off the extra stems in order to accelerate the growth of the main branches and improve their quality. The plant categorically does not tolerate thickening, therefore, it needs timely thinning.

Irrigation

Water with extreme caution, because plants that are not yet strong may suffer under the influence of sharp streams of water.

Features of the seedling method

The method is considered the most successful. Seeds are pre-selected in a flower garden or purchased in March. You can plant them a month after the first shoots, depending on the temperature and weather conditions.

Disembarkation

No more than three seeds should be planted in a tray with cells, then covered with soil from peat and sand. Tighten the top with a special film and leave it near the window so that a minimum of the sun's rays fall on it. Watering should be carried out using a spray bottle so as not to harm the root system.

Thinning

Sprouts will begin to thin out in 2 weeks after planting. Then you can get rid of the film and place the trays on the windowsill closer to sunlight. Also, an open window can adversely affect the development of seedlings, so drafts should be avoided.

Pinching

After the seedlings reach 5 cm, it is necessary to carefully pinch off the weakest specimens, leaving one bore in the cell. You should not pull them out, as there is a chance of harming more developed sprouts.

How to plant in open ground

When the sprout is fully formed and ready for transplanting, it must be moved to open ground. This is a rather painstaking process, which has its own nuances, which should be carefully read.

Timing

Planting seedlings should be done precisely at the time when the threat of frost has passed. The best time for this is the end of May, when the nights will be warmer.

Choosing a seat

Chamomile takes root well on neutral soils, high or low acidity can adversely affect the growth and development of the plant. Wetlands are the main enemy of chamomile.

Soil preparation

For the full development of garden chamomile, before planting, enrich the soil by applying mineral fertilizers.

Plant pattern

Planting seedlings in open ground has its own characteristics, which determine the resistance of the plant as a whole, as well as the number and quality of buds in the future:

1. Slightly loosen the soil.
2. Prepare small holes, calculating the size for the root system of seedlings, at a distance of 35 cm.
3. Place 2-3 bushes in each hole.
4. Fill the root system with soil substrate, strengthen it in the ground.

When transplanting, special attention should be paid to the root system, because it is thin, delicate at this moment and can be easily damaged.

Water and loosening

Water and loosen immediately after planting and repeat the procedure as needed during the period of growth and development of chamomile.

Care

In order for the plant to grow normally and attract attention with its bright and he althy appearance, a number of care measures must be taken.

Weeding

Abundant weeds can adversely affect the growth and development of garden chamomile, so weed and loosen regularly. The root system needs not only fertile soil, but also getting the root system enough air.

Irrigation

It is important for the crop to get the right amount of water every day, so the ground is regularly checked for moisture. Watering should be carried out in a timely manner, using a large volume of water.

Loosening

Immediately after each watering, loosen the ground so that the water does not stagnate on the surface, but penetrates deep and is absorbed by the lower tier of the root system. This process will help not only accelerate the growth of garden chamomile, but also help it avoid a number of diseases associated with excess moisture.

Feeding

Mature plants need fertile soil no less than growing ones.For top dressing, urea should be used in the proportion of 20 g of the substance per 1 square meter. Water generously after fertilizing. If the leaf plate begins to turn pale and dry out, it is worth additional feeding.

Alternate mineral substances with manure to eliminate the possibility of soil acidification, which negatively affects the development of the plant.

After flowering

As the chamomile fades, fertilize the exhausted soil with mineral complexes, organics and start preparing the bushes for winter.

Preparing for winter

Garden chamomile does not tolerate low temperatures, so it should be carefully prepared for the cold. To do this, cut off all ground stems and cover the plant. Use sawdust, dry leaves or non-woven fabric as a cover.

Reproduction

The plant reproduces by dividing the bush or collecting seeds.

Collection and storage of seeds

When the flower on the stem dries, seeds form in the core. They fall out when pressed and have a brown tint. They must be removed from those inflorescences that, against the background of the rest, seemed stronger and he althier. Then spread on a napkin and let dry a little. Then put them in a bag and send them to a place where it is dark and dry for storage.

It is important to collect and properly dry the seeds in time to achieve high germination.

Dividing the bush

Garden chamomile also reproduces by dividing the bush. 2-3 years after planting, the bush grows, and a void forms in the middle, as the central trunk dies off. In the spring, dig up such a bush and divide it into several parts.

Next, make small holes 20 cm deep, keeping a distance of 40 cm from one another. Place a part of the bush in the hole, cover the root system with earth and water thoroughly.

Diseases and pests

Like all ornamental plants, garden chamomile is weak to certain diseases and pests. When cultivating it, you can encounter some of them, so it is worth arming yourself with information about common diseases in advance and taking the necessary measures promptly.

Powdery mildew

Leaf develops a coating similar to white powder.

Grey Rot

Symptoms of the disease are brown spots on the shoots, leaves, which quickly increase in size and are covered with fluffy gray mycelium.

Rust

Forms uneven red spots on leaves and stem.

Fusariosis

Drying of the plant, acquiring a brown color.

The fight against diseases and pests involves not only the implementation of chemical and biological measures, but also properly organized care.

How to transplant to a new location

For a quality transplant, dig a bush with a clod of earth so as not to damage the root system, move it to a hole prepared in advance, water and mulch.

Combination with other plants

Garden chamomile forms wonderful compositions in a combination of plants such as calendula, cornflower, feverfew, poppy. Low-growing varieties will look spectacular on the edge of lawns and paths.

Answers to questions

How often should a plant be transplanted?

It is recommended to transplant bushes to a new place once every 3-4 years. The procedure is carried out in the spring.

How to prune a bush?

After the plant has faded, cut off all the stems at the root to 10-15 cm from the ground. This will strengthen the rhizome and provoke the formation of new shoots. Garden chamomile will decorate with delicate flowers any local area, garden, flower bed.And cut flowers will last a long time in a bouquet, without losing their freshness and retaining their attractiveness.

Reviews

Marina: “Since childhood, I have watched my mother plant daisies. Now I sit down with my daughter.”

Katerina: “I have been planting garden daisies in my garden for a long time. Pleasing to the eyes of passers-by, neighbors often compliment my exquisite flowers.”

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