Garden poppy: types and varieties with descriptions, planting, growing and care in the open field

The garden poppy is popular with gardeners. The flowers of this culture, due to the bright color, will become an ornament for any suburban area. Poppy blooms for only a couple of days, however, by sowing seeds, you can get from two dozen plants that will bloom one after another in turn, thus decorating the site for a month. Poppies are absolutely undemanding to planting and care.

Description

Poppy (Latin name Papaver) is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Poppy family. The plant is rarely found in the northern regions. Among the varieties there are both annual and perennial plants.Stems reach one meter in height. The flowering period is short - the plant blooms for one or two days.

Features of cultivation

The plant is unpretentious to air temperature, withstands both warm and cold temperatures. It is best to plant the seeds in loose soil. The plant needs to provide good lighting and prevent stagnation of fluid at the roots.

Varieties and varieties

There are different varieties and varieties of plants that differ from each other in terms of life, fruiting and external characteristics.

Alpine

This variety has white or yellow flowers. The stems reach a height of up to ten centimeters. Grown as a one to two year old plant.

Nude stem (Siberian)

A variety of Alpine poppy, grows in the valleys of Siberian rivers. Characterized by early long flowering. The stems reach a length of 35 centimeters. The flowers take on shades of white, yellow and orange.

Shirley's self-seed (field, wild)

The stems of this variety reach a height of half a meter, have a bristly coating. Flowers with a diameter of up to 10 centimeters, take on a monochromatic color of various colors. Shirley blooms at the end of spring, beginning of summer.

Oriental

Perennial variety. It is considered one of the most beautiful varieties. It reaches one meter in height. The flowers are characterized by large size and rich bright red color. In addition, there are artificially bred subspecies that have flowers of various colors and textures.

Decorative

Decorative poppy includes more than a hundred varieties, reaching a height of up to one meter. There are both annual, biennial, and perennial subspecies. Characterized by large flowers, resistant to temperature fluctuations.

Terry

This subspecies is also called peony. It is an annual plant. In height, the stems reach 90 centimeters. The flowers are large, double, similar in appearance to peony flowers. Most often pink, but there are varieties with a variety of shades.

Icelandic

It is a perennial plant. Flowers take on a variety of colors: white, yellow, red, pink. Flowering begins in May and lasts all summer, until autumn.

What is useful

Many people have the misconception that poppy is a drug. In fact, only the milk of immature plants has a psychotropic effect. The seeds have beneficial properties and are used for medical, culinary and cosmetic purposes.

Medicine

Poppy seeds contain substances used for medicinal purposes.

Codeine

Cough suppressant. Has an analgesic effect.

Papaverine

An antispasmodic; used to weaken the tone of smooth muscles of muscles and internal organs.

Morphine

Used in medicine as a strong pain reliever. Extracted from the juice of the opium poppy.

Traditional medicine

In addition to official medicine, poppy, due to its beneficial properties, has become widespread in folk medicine. The plant is used as an analgesic, sleeping pill, helps with diarrhea, fatigue and other diseases of the body.

Sleeping pills

An infusion of boiled poppy seeds is used as a hypnotic. Seeds insist in a thermos for three hours. The tincture is consumed before going to bed.

Painkillers

In addition to its hypnotic effect, poppy has a strong analgesic effect. Seeds are added to food, their juices help to cope with headaches and speed up the healing of the body after injuries or illnesses.

For diarrhea

Vegetable fibers contained in the seeds regulate the stomach, eliminate constipation, help relieve stomach pain and relieve diarrhea.

From fatigue

Decoction of poppy seeds, among other things, helps reduce body fatigue.

For migraines

Infusion of poppy is used to combat migraines and frequent headaches. Migraine is treated by taking the infusion three times inside in a volume of 50 milliliters.

Immunity boost

Eating poppy seeds helps to increase the body's resistance to disease. The seeds contain zinc, which helps produce white blood cells and enhances the body's defense against bacterial invasion.

For bronchitis and laryngitis

Decoction of poppy, thyme and violet helps to loosen phlegm. One spoon of the mixture is poured with boiling water and infused for ten minutes.

Bleed stop

Poppy-based preparations have a hemostatic effect, therefore they are used to stop bleeding.

Oncology

Seed extract is used in oncology to prevent the appearance of metastases.

Combat sweating

Poppy-based preparations reduce excessive sweating.

Cooking

In addition to medical use, poppy is actively used in cooking. The seeds have a spicy taste and complement mushroom dishes and various sauces. Poppy seeds are widely used in the bakery and confectionery industry: poppy seed buns can be purchased at any supermarket.

Landscape design

Due to the unusually beautiful appearance, the flowers of the plant are used in landscape design. They will decorate any summer lawn or garden plot.

Cosmetology and creativity

Essential oils obtained from the seeds of this plant have become widespread in cosmetology and are used to make homemade masks and body lotions.

Contraindications for use

Due to their opium content, seeds can be addictive and have side effects such as poisoning. It is not recommended to use poppy for food with individual intolerance, as well as with alcohol dependence, liver disease and heart failure.

Planting and care

Poppies are undemanding in terms of planting and care, but following some rules will allow them to develop better and bloom faster.

Choosing a seat

Poppies grow best in areas well lit by the sun. Most varieties require fertile soil, so the earth needs to be dug up with compost.

Timing

In regions with a mild climate, seeds are sown in autumn or late winter. For sowing at a later date, the seeds need to be kept in the refrigerator for two months.

Spring planting

In the spring, poppy planting is carried out after the snow melts and the soil thaws.

Autumn

Autumn planting is the most preferred option. At the same time, plants grow stronger and bloom faster.

Irrigation

Poppies are drought tolerant, so they don't need special watering conditions. At the very beginning of the growing season, flowers should be watered twice a week.

Fertilizer

Growth is positively affected by feeding the plant with Kemira Universal solution, as well as fertilizing with complex fertilizers during flowering.

Transfer

Don't transplant garden poppies. The plant does not take root in seedlings and may die.

Cutting

The plant does not need regular pruning, but after flowering it is worth removing dead leaf plates in order to preserve the appearance.

Wintering

Faded annuals should be removed from the garden before winter. Perennial specimens - cut to the level of the beds. In areas with a cold winter climate, the beds should be covered with spruce branches.

After flowering

Perennial plants after they have faded should be cut off dried stems and leaves. The ground part of the plant is cut off near the ground.

Diseases and pests

Poppies are prone to fungal and bacterial diseases, as well as pest attacks.

Root rot

Root rot is a fungal disease affecting many horticultural crops. Because of its action, plant tissues begin to rot. To prevent the formation of rot, the seeds should be treated with potassium permanganate, and the soil should be disinfected with bleach.

Powdery mildew

Powdery mildew is the biggest threat to poppies. It is characterized by the appearance of a white coating on the stems and leaves and leads the plant to death. Treated with copper oxychloride solution.

Black spot fungus

Indicator of damage is the appearance of dark spots between the veins of the leaves. Severely affected plants die before seeding.

Aphid

Insect that feeds on plant sap is a dangerous pest. In addition, it is able to spread plant diseases and cause gall-like formations.

Spider mite

A harmful mite that infects almost all types of terrestrial crops. It bites through plant cells and feeds on plant sap. Does not tolerate high humidity, therefore, to prevent its occurrence, plants should be sprayed with warm water.

Possible difficulties

The main difficulties in growing garden poppies can be: difficulty in providing the soil with the right amount of moisture and nutrients, lack of care, the wrong place to grow, and dense planting of poppies.

High soil moisture

Poppy grows well on non-moist, improved soils, but does not tolerate excessive moisture, therefore, in order to avoid plant death, water should not be allowed to stagnate at the roots.

Lack of nutrients in the soil

Culture requires improved soil. With insufficient nutrients, it grows slowly, flowers may grow small in size and not bright enough.

Dense fit

If planted too closely, the flowers will grow small, which will affect the appearance of the garden.

Bad care

Wilted flowers must be removed in a timely manner, otherwise seed pods will appear, and the bush will stop blooming. Pruning prolongs the flowering cycle of poppies.

The wrong place

Poppy is a light-loving crop, so planting it in the shade will result in it not blooming due to lack of sunlight.

Collection and storage of seeds

The time to collect seeds comes after the flowering period, when the bolls turn yellowish. Seeds should be stored in a cool place.

Reproduction

Poppy is propagated by seed method. After planting the plant once on the site, it is enough to leave a couple of boxes on the bush when harvesting, and the next season the plants will sprout again.

Reviews

According to most gardeners, poppies are a wonderful decoration for any suburban area and perform a decorative function better than any other crop, while being completely unpretentious in terms of care.

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