Indian chrysanthemum: description of the 22 best varieties, outdoor cultivation from seeds

Large garden chrysanthemum, or otherwise Indian golden flower, belongs to the elite species. The plant has a wide distribution area - from Europe to the Middle East and the Caucasus. Planted once, the bush will delight the owners with long flowering. Chrysanthemums of this variety are in height from 90 to 150 centimeters. Petals characteristic, bright yellow. The flowering period is long - from August to December.

Description and features

The genus of Indian chrysanthemums is extensive, more than tens of thousands of specimens. It is not easy to grow a plant on a personal plot, but whoever succeeds will be rewarded in full.Chrysanthemum flowers are bright, with large petals. Stems without branching, with incised leaves. Inflorescence in the form of a basket, mostly yellow in color. The petals are arranged in several rows.

After flowering is completed, the chrysanthemum winters safely in the fall, and sprouts appear again in the spring. The plant is popular with gardeners, used in landscape design, to decorate flower beds and plots. Can be cultivated indoors.

Popular varieties

Among the variety of species of Indian chrysanthemums, there are both popular leaders and outsiders. This positioning is due to various reasons - the convenience of growing, the availability of seeds or the external characteristics of the flowers. In addition, the popularity is due to the binding to the likely regions of growth of chrysanthemum varieties.

Aurora

The variety is characterized by flat large inflorescences, the petals are orange in color. The diameter of a chrysanthemum flower is about 100 millimeters. The growing season extends almost the entire autumn - from September to October. The height of the Aurora stem is average - up to 1 meter.

Anastasia

The variety Anastasia pleases gardeners with a variety of colors - white, pink, green, lemon, even lilac. It remains to add to this description the gigantic size of the inflorescence - up to 20 centimeters. The disadvantage of chrysanthemum can be considered the fragility of the basket.

Artist

This species is recommended for indoor breeding, it is distinguished by its compactness and harmonious development. It blooms for a long time, the petals are originally painted white or pink, each petal has 2 stripes.

Vimini

Vimini is compared with a small sun: a bush up to 30 centimeters high, petals are multi-colored, brightly colored. The color of the chrysanthemum petals smoothly changes from brown (in the center) to orange, sometimes lemon or yellow.

Gazelle

Chrysanthemum variety with a strong stem, suitable for creating arrangements or bouquets. The main distinguishing feature of the Gazelle is bright white flowers almost 20 centimeters in size.

Valentina Tereshkova

The variety, dedicated to the first female astronaut, will decorate the flower bed with her presence, looks great in a single landing. The inflorescences are large, painted in dark shades of crimson. The bottom of the chrysanthemum petals are slightly lighter than the top.

Aviator

Variety Aviator is known recently, refers to semi-double. Released in the Netherlands. Inflorescences cannot be called large, they are up to 8 centimeters. Petals four-row, straight. Chrysanthemum calmly tolerates transportation, especially when cut. The bush is shrouded in bright emerald leaves, belongs to upright growing.

Alomos

Special Dutch chrysanthemum species, suitable for cutting and transportation. The inflorescence, at first glance, uncomplicated, resembles a chamomile. Basket up to 7 centimeters in diameter. The petals are wide, painted in purple or burgundy tones.At the end they turn into white. The height of the bush is average - up to 700 millimeters.

Barolo

Chrysanthemum of Italian selection. The height of the bush is about 60 centimeters, the diameter of the inflorescence is up to 7. The petals are of the correct shape, bright red in color, with a uniform distribution of color over the area. The center of the basket is yellow, with light greenery. Leaves with a smooth surface, pinnate, grassy color. Cut flowers can last up to 20 days in a vase.

Bartoli

The Dutch species of Bartoli forms double orange inflorescences. Basket size - from 5 to 7 centimeters. The bush is upright, about 700 millimeters high, with almost no branching. The leaves are bright green, pinnate. Cut chrysanthemum flowers stand for a long time, are transported.

Barca

Variety with large terry-type flowers (up to 10 centimeters in diameter). Color - dark purple or dark purple shades. Chrysanthemum bush of medium height - up to 700 millimeters.

Glossy

Bush hybrid of the Dutch selection. The size of the basket is small, up to 7 centimeters, it is distinguished by white-lilac petals. Outwardly, it resembles a chamomile, in the center there is a green chrysanthemum. Cut flowers remain unchanged for up to 20 days, emit a light tart aroma.

Grandeza

Grandeza species is distinguished by its miniature size, suitable for growing in an apartment, in a pot. Petals are semi-double, with multi-row placement, mixed colors. The bushes are small, compact, up to 40 centimeters in height. The size of the chrysanthemum inflorescence is about 7 centimeters.

Dante

The Dante variety is distinguished by delicate terry inflorescences of a lilac hue, up to 7 centimeters in diameter. The leaves on the bush are brightly colored, green. After cutting from the bush, chrysanthemum flowers are stored for a long time, used to make bouquets.

Carnival

The species belongs to early-growing, on a bush 40-60 centimeters high, dotted with medium-sized (7-centimeter) inflorescences, beautiful multi-colored "daisies" bloom. The range of colors is from pink to purple. The bottom petals are white.

Robino

The flowers are unusually colored: there is a mixture of yellow and burgundy, pink or red with white. Chrysanthemum petals are slightly folded at the base, reminiscent of a chamomile in their growth pattern. Bushes of medium height.

Red Start

In upright bushes of medium height (up to 70 centimeters), originally from the Netherlands, velvety purple baskets develop. The diameter of the inflorescence is up to 7 centimeters. Foliage of medium density, bright green. Plants grown for cutting.

Royce Lovely

Royce Lovely variety has bright pinkish-lilac terry baskets, with petals slightly dark in the center. The stem is straight, dotted with deep green leaves. Cut chrysanthemums are not afraid of transportation, they are stored in bouquets for a long time.

Fanfare color mix

The bushes of this variety are of medium height, with inflorescences of semi-double texture. Plants allow cultivation in an open place, in an apartment. The size of the baskets is up to 6 centimeters, with the height of the bushes - up to 60. The petals are painted white, pink, red, yellow or orange.

Fianna

Fianna is distinguished by a tart herbal aroma, petals of a greenish tint. Bushes - up to 70 centimeters, inflorescences are small, about 8 centimeters in diameter. Leaves separate, pinnate. Chrysanthemum is grown for cut flowers.

Jaguar Purple

The variety Jaguar Purple is not gigantic in size, it allows growing baskets up to 10 centimeters. The average size of inflorescences is 6-7 centimeters. The bush is straight, with light branching. The color of the petals is bright purple.

Indicum

This is the general name for all varieties of Indian chrysanthemums. Given that the genus is numerous, rich in varieties and hybrids, among the variety of forms, colors, you can find both indoor and outdoor plants with large baskets.

Landing

Experienced gardeners recommend planting flowers in rainy weather or overcast, not sunny days. If this condition cannot be met, then early morning or late evening is chosen for the procedure.

Pre-dug holes up to 40 centimeters deep are abundantly filled with settled water. Then drainage is laid on the bottom, a soil conglomerate composed of soil and biohumus mixture (20 to 1). The seedling (cutting) is installed vertically, sometimes fixed on an additional support (high views).

Choosing a seat

The genus of chrysanthemums belongs to sun-loving plants, the shadow for them is evil. The same applies to moisture. It is advisable to plant bushes on a hill. Since the root system is not deep, the soil should not be allowed to dry out.

Soil Requirements

Optimal for chrysanthemums is soil with sufficient air and moisture permeability.The content of the minerals necessary for the plant will also not interfere. Poor, overly dense soils are fertilized with peat, humus or compost. It is allowed to introduce a draining substrate, coarse sand. According to the acid composition, the requirements are as follows: neutral or weak reaction.

Timing

It is better to plant flowers in the spring when warm, dry weather sets in without night frosts. May is suitable for this, you can shift the landing date to the beginning of June. It was not possible to plant a chrysanthemum in the spring, this is done in the fall, until about September 15th. This period is important, because then frosts begin on the ground.

If this condition is also impossible to fulfill, then the seedlings are rooted in pots, performing a low pruning. Next, the container with the flower is removed in a warm, dark place. During the winter season, the soil is kept moist, so the seedling will have a better chance to gain strength and grow.

Preparation of planting material

Since the chrysanthemum does not inherit the characteristics of the variety when propagated by seeds, the following are used among the most common planting methods:

Shanks.
Seedlings.
By dividing the bush.

Of course, he althy, strong plants are used as planting material, without traces of diseases or pests. When cuttings, shoots are cut into segments of no more than 20 centimeters. Rooting occurs approximately 30 days after cuttings are planted. It is produced in boxes filled with soil mixture (part of earth, 2 parts of sand and part of humus). In the spring, the strengthened seedlings are transferred to open areas.

When grown from seeds, chrysanthemum will bloom for 2 years, not earlier.

Open ground planting pattern

Cuttings, immediately planted in open ground, are placed one from the other at a distance of up to half a meter. Close proximity will prevent seedlings from harmoniously developing, growing and getting enough minerals from the soil. It is necessary to provide support, this is especially important for tall varieties. Plantings are covered with a film to provide seedlings with favorable conditions.

Care

Regardless of the chosen method of cultivation, the future queen of the flower garden must be provided with decent conditions, daily care and care. This is regular, but not excessive watering, fertilizing, pruning and transplanting. In addition, the growth of a chrysanthemum bush is affected by the ratio of temperature and humidity, the composition of the soil. To form a harmonious shape, to ensure sustainable flowering, gardeners use pinching.

Irrigation

Chrysanthemum needs a constant humidity of the environment at the level of 75%. Before flowering, this figure can be reduced to 65-60%.Therefore, watering should be regular, but not excessive. The optimal frequency is up to 2 times a week. Plants that have been flooded have a tendency to rot.

Feeding

Minerals for the Indian goldflower are an important addition to the "diet". The first phase of top dressing includes fertilizing before planting, organic matter (humus) is suitable for this. The further procedure is divided into several interrelated stages:

Foliage growth. At this time, the plant needs nitrogen and its compounds (the use of mineral complexes).
Formation of inflorescences. Chrysanthemum needs phosphorus and potassium.

Do not forget that exceeding the concentration of fertilizers in the soil will lead to inhibition of flowering. Therefore, before use, be sure to study in detail the recommendations for the preparation and application of solutions of mineral complexes.

Cutting

Pruning starts when the chrysanthemum bloom is complete. Traditionally, the top of the plant is completely removed in order to later extract the rhizome from the ground along with the lump. The rest must be moved to a cool dark place (cellar, basement). There the plant will be stored until spring, it will have to be moistened occasionally.

Transfer

Conventionally, a transplant can be considered an annual digging of a chrysanthemum in the fall, since in the spring it will be planted in a new place (or the old one, but again). It is recommended to periodically move the plant around the flower bed to avoid depletion of the soil. When transplanting, they try to carefully remove the earthen ball so as not to damage the roots located close to the surface. After planting, the plant is immediately watered and fertilized.

Wintering

For wintering, there are 2 options: in the ground or in a pot. In the first case, the chrysanthemum is cut and covered, protecting it from the cold. In the second, they are transferred to the basement for the winter.

Diseases and pests

Unfortunately, the plant is attacked by garden pests, and can also become an object of disease, viruses.

Chrysanthemum nematode

Worm, a characteristic sign of the presence of which is the appearance of rapidly darkening pale yellow spots. The best method of struggle is the thorough removal of weed residues in autumn, foliage, in which nematodes can hide.

Spider mite

Ticks love the juice of chrysanthemums, gradually bringing the plant to exhaustion. Their presence is indicated by whitish threads and drying of the leaves. The easiest way to get rid of the pest is to spray the flower with water.

Aphid

Small bugs multiply rapidly, capable of destroying large plantations of horticultural crops in a short time. To eliminate the threat, folk methods, chemistry, loosening of plantings are used.

Powdery mildew

Overwetting plants leads to the development of powdery mildew. The best prevention is to follow the planting pattern (at least 40 centimeters between adjacent bushes), pinching, ensuring optimal humidity.

Cultivation for bouquets

Chrysanthemums are beautiful in bouquets and arrangements. For this, there are special varieties designed for cutting and long-term storage.

Growing potted plants

The miniature species of Indian chrysanthemums look exceptionally attractive in pots. It is convenient to grow them in an apartment, exposing them to a balcony or windowsill. Seeds are easy to buy in stores, order online.

Features of home care

Home cultivation of chrysanthemums will require providing the plant's needs for light, warmth, moisture and timely fertilizer.

Propagation by cuttings

Propagation by cuttings is a common way of breeding chrysanthemums. To do this, choose he althy plants, cutting them into segments of 15-20 centimeters. It is important to choose the right composition of the soil mixture, not forgetting to fertilize it.

Landscape use

Plants are used to create spatial compositions, decorate plots and flower beds. The advantage of chrysanthemums is that they are good both in single performance and in landscape design. Bright, original, multi-colored "suns" are surprisingly good in the garden.

Useful properties for pharmacology

The stems and inflorescences contain camphor, glycosides, vitamin A, essential oils. Therefore, indoor chrysanthemums are useful for air purification. They are recommended to be placed in children's rooms, bedrooms. Infusions of the plant are useful at high temperatures, to stimulate appetite, and help against migraines