Verbaskum perennial: description of the 10 best varieties, growing from seeds, planting and care

Verbascum perennial is more commonly grown as a biennial crop. The flower looks like a spikelet, becomes a chic garden decoration. The mullein successfully takes root in vegetable gardens in the countries of the former USSR, is not picky about soil and care. There are many varieties of perennial verbascum, for successful cultivation it is worth familiarizing yourself with all the agrotechnical features.

Botanical features of mullein

Verbaskum has a tap root system that penetrates deep into the ground. The stems are erect, grow from 50 to 2 meters in height.The leaves are oblong, with a pointed apex, leathery surface, dark green color. The inflorescences are spike-shaped, the flowers are five-petal, they are yellow, pinkish, lilac, purple.

They bloom from bottom to top, each corolla opens in the morning, and in the evening it closes and falls off. The next day, a new one is formed. The fruit is an oval seed pod. Fluffy inflorescences bloom all summer. In the wild, the culture grows in the Mediterranean and the subtropical zone of Asia. The plant tolerates drought, sudden changes in weather. Upon completion of the pollen, the stem completely withers.

Placement of verbascum in the garden and use in decor

To decorate the garden, verbascum is placed in front of the house or along the fence, in a mixborder. You can plant a flower on the lawn. Low growing flowers are suitable for planting in the middle ground, and super low growing mulleins are suitable for containers.Verbascum purple is widely used with hybrids, its bright shade becomes contrasting when planted parallel with orange or yellow flowers.

Healing properties of mullein

Verbaskum is a part of many drugs, with antitussive and expectorant effects. Fees help with colds, flu, bronchitis, whooping cough. The plant has an anti-inflammatory effect and is widely used in the treatment of inflammatory pathologies of the oropharynx, stomach, and urinary tract.

Mullein effectively eliminates the consequences of bruises. A fresh flower is applied to the affected area, pain is relieved and bruising is prevented. If a bruise does appear, under the influence of verbascum, it will resolve in 2-3 hours.

When using dried flowers soaked in water to create a compress, first remove stamens and hairs from it. They can cause skin irritation.

Varieties and varieties of webrascum with a description

There are 250 species of mullein, but the following varieties are cultivated in the territories of the CIS countries. They differ in color, height of bushes.

Sceptre

The plant reaches 2 meters in height. Inflorescences of large sizes, yellow color. The flowers are spike-shaped, bloom in packs of 3-4 pieces.

Silk Verbascum

The bush grows up to 1.8 meters. Flowers pale yellow. Due to the felt pubescence, the leaves are silvery in color.

Hybrid

The hybrid combines flowering species and garden forms of different origin. The color is white, yellowish, pinkish, salmon, pink-yellow. Often the petals are decorated with purple dots. A mixture of colors is widely found, coloring according to the type of gradient.

Common Mullein or Bear Ear

Bear's ear is distinguished by the presence on the leaves of a mass of hairs of a metallic tone. The flowers are short, small, the stem is all leafy. The color of the petals is yellow, pinkish, lavender.

Dark or mullein cockroaches

Black mullein heavily pubescent, grows up to 1 meter tall. Leaves in the shape of an egg or heart, interspersed with inflorescences, which is a hallmark of this variety. The buds are yellowish, long, the base of the petals is brown, the stamens are with a purple fluff. Medicinal verbascum has a plentifully leafy stem up to 0.5 meters high. Peduncles branched, long, spike-shaped.

Olympic

Verbaskum reaches 1.5-2 meters in height. Inflorescences are sunny yellow. The leaves are silvery due to pubescence.

Purple verbascum

The plant reaches 1 meter in height. The stems are erect, the leaves are elongated, lanceolate, collected in a basal rosette, there are few of them on the stem and they are often without pubescence.Inflorescences are bright crimson, pinkish, on long pedicels collected in loose buds like an ear. Flowering falls in mid-summer. Purple mullein is hardy.

Longleaf

Verbaskum forms a bush 70-120 cm high. The leaf rosette is large, covered with gray felt pubescence. The inflorescences are golden yellow, 3 cm in diameter, collected in a branching brush up to 30 cm long. Staminate filaments covered with short purple hairs.

Nettle or Mullein She

Bushes grow up to 90 cm tall. The flowers are yellow, the stamens are red-violet.

Waterfall

Mullein Waterfall reaches 1 meter in height. The diameter of the inflorescence is 4 cm, lilac and pale lavender.

Containment conditions

Verbascum is not difficult to care for, the plant is perfect even for summer residents. It is necessary to water it in time, fertilize it, replant it, cover it for the winter.

Preparing for landing

Verbaskum should be planted in March-April. Seeds withstand cold weather. They dig up the soil, level it, scatter the seed randomly, close it with a rake no more than 1 cm deep. When shoots appear, they are thinned out, leaving a distance of 20-50 cm.

Determining the landing site for Verbaskum

Mullein prefers to grow in lighted, open areas. You can plant verbascum in partial shade, then flowering will be shorter in time. The culture grows on any soil, except clay and loam. Fertility does not matter for a perennial, and neutral is considered the optimal level of acidity.

Preparing the soil and planting material

2 weeks before planting, the soil is loosened, humus and peat are added to it. Before planting, it is important to remove weeds that inhibit the growth of young seedlings. Seedlings do not need preliminary preparation. The main thing is that it be whole, without damage.

Growing the Verbascum plant

Mullein is best planted in a sunny place in March, summer or late August. Use the method of planting from seeds, root or apical petioles.

From seeds

Seeds are planted in the soil 1 cm deep. After that, the beds are watered. There should be no crusts on the ground. If the seedlings are too dense, they break through, leaving 15 plants per 1 meter.

From root cuttings

Planting of root petioles is carried out in late autumn. They are cut 7 cm long, the upper cut is made even, the lower cut is at an angle.Seedlings are vertically planted in containers with nutrient soil - 2 parts of leafy soil, 1 part of sand and peat. Leave 1.5 cm of petiole above the ground. Until spring, they are grown in a cool place. When the air temperature rises to +15 degrees, the petioles are planted in the garden.

Tip cuttings

Green petioles are cut in March, rooted in cups with loose soil. They should first be dipped in a solution of Kornevin or Heteroauxin, then planted in separate containers and kept in a lighted room with a high humidity of 90%. Every day it is necessary to ventilate, water the seedlings as the soil dries up. In August, rooted seedlings are planted in flower beds. Before the arrival of winter, they are spudded, covered with a layer of foliage 15-20 cm. In the spring, the snow is removed, the soil is raked.

Irrigation and fertilization of verbascum

In the first years of life, the mullein is watered 3 times during the growing season under the root. Verbascum almost does not need to be recharged. Poor soils can be fed once during the growing season with complex mineral compounds or organic matter. The procedure is carried out before the pollen.

Soil care and transplantation of verbascum

Mullein does not tolerate transplantation well, due to the special structure of the root system. The roots are too long and difficult to remove from the ground without damage. Verbaskum is immediately placed in a permanent place. If necessary, the bushes dig as deep as possible, save the earthen room.

Preparing for winter mullein

Each variety of Verbascum survives the winter in its own way. Close to wild-growing species easily winter without shelter, and hybrids can freeze out. They should be covered with a thick layer of peat, spruce branches, dry leaves.

Verbascum breeding methods

Verbaskum is bred with seeds, dividing the root system. Each of the methods involves its own algorithm of actions.

Seeds

To collect verbascum seed, leave a few viable flower stalks.When the boxes are fully ripe, the petals dry out, they are removed, the seeds are taken out. The seed is dried in the sun, placed on the windowsill. Store seeds in a dry place in paper bags.

Prepared seeds are sown in the garden in well-warmed soil in late May or early June.

The seed is distributed over the dug up, compacted and watered earth, sprinkled a little on top of it. If the seeds are deeply buried, the seedlings that have appeared should be thinned out so that a distance of 20 cm remains between the bushes. For 1 month, the sprouts develop slowly, then growth is active. For the first season, the young bush only forms a basal rosette of leaves. If you properly care for verbascum, pollen starts 2 years after planting.

Perennial is able to reproduce on its own. Not removed flower stalks throw out seeds that fall on the soil, germinating there.With this method of reproduction, the bushes sprout randomly, they may not look like the mother plant. After 2-3 years, the variety will degenerate

Mullein rhizome division

To propagate verbascum by dividing the root, only those specimens on which processes are visible are selected. They are dug up after pollen in September. The division is carried out with a sharply ground secateurs, previously disinfected. On each part there should be several processes, part of the root, all sections are treated with coal.

For better rooting, they are laid out horizontally on sandy soil. Mullein roots are sprinkled on top with a small amount of sand, then earth. They should be transplanted to a permanent place in the spring.