Honey Pear: full characteristics and description of the columnar variety, planting and care

Medovaya pear has long been known to gardeners. Small trees produce up to 35 kilograms of fruit per season. The fruits of the honey pear are juicy, sweet and large. The branches are abundantly strewn with ripening fruits, bending under their weight. By the end of September, the fruits ripen, they have to be harvested by hand. To ensure a high yield in early spring, the tree must be fed with organic matter, and before flowering, it must be treated with fungicides and insecticides.

Detailed description and characteristics of the variety

In the sixties of the last century, the Honey pear was bred at the Crimean horticultural station. The first name is Crimean Medovaya. A new type of pear was obtained by free pollination of the famous French variety - Bere Bosc.

Honey is desirable to grow in regions with a warm climate. With proper shelter for the winter, this variety can grow in Central Russia. Pear is a cold-resistant crop, it tolerates short-term frosts of 20 degrees well.

A tree with a pyramidal, not very dense crown, "stretches" to a height of up to 2.15 meters. Fruits ripen in autumn (at the end of September). Fruiting occurs, as a rule, for 3-5 years. Honey is considered a partially self-fertile crop. For better pollination, it is recommended to plant at least two pollinating trees nearby, for example, Miraculous, Bere Bosk.

Pollinators should match the period of flowering and fruit ripening.

Medovaya's fruits are not small, weighing 345-525 grams. The shape of the fruit is pear-shaped, uneven, sometimes bumpy. A ripe pear has a yellowish-green color with a light brown integumentary blush.On its smooth thin skin, gray-green, tiny dots are visible. The pulp is sweetish, with a honey flavor, melts in your mouth. The fruits are high in sugar and vitamin C.

Pear - juicy, tender, fragrant, slightly oily, with cream-colored flesh. Ripe fruits do not fall off the branches, they have to be picked by hand. Pears ripen by the end of September. Up to 37 kilograms of sweet fruits can be harvested from one small tree.

A columnar variety of Honey was bred about twenty years ago. To taste, its fruits are no different from the main variety. The columnar pear has a straight trunk up to 1.95 meters high, no spreading crown, all branches are pressed against the main trunk.

Yield - 15-25 kilograms per tree. Several subspecies of the columnar pear have been bred. Fruits of different varieties ripen at different times - from August to October. There are autumn and summer varieties of pear columnar Honey.

Main pros and cons of Honey pears

Good qualities of culture:

• precocity (bearing for 3 years);
• compact tree view;
• annual, consistently high yield;
• wonderful taste and product characteristics of ripe pears;
• possibility of long-term storage of the harvest;
• unpretentious care;
• good immunity to many diseases.

Flaws:

• low frost resistance;
• fruits of different sizes at the time of ripening;
• need for crown formation.

Subspecies of the proposed variety

Based on Medovaya, several columnar varieties have been bred. All subspecies are assigned the marking class "G". The columnar tree has no horizontal branching branches, it grows up to 1.95 meters in height, all its branches are pressed against the main trunk. The columnar pear does not need to form a crown.

Subspecies of columnar pear:

• G1 - winter variety, fruits - yellowish, bumpy, weighing up to 245 grams;
• G2 - late autumn variety, fruits - yellowish-green, with an orange-brown blush, bumpy, weighing up to 205 grams;
• G3 - early autumn variety, fruits - bright yellow, weighing up to 405 grams;
• G4 - autumn variety, fruits - large, wide, weighing up to 305 grams;
• G5 - late summer variety, fruits - tan, weighing up to 245 grams.

Features of growing crops

Pear can be planted in your garden. First you need to buy a seedling aged 1-2 years in the nursery.

Disembarkation dates

A tree can be planted in early spring (in April) - before bud break or in autumn (in September-October) - a month before the arrival of frost. In regions with cool winters, autumn planting is practiced. In a cold climate zone, it is better to plant a pear in the spring. After all, if the planted tree does not have time to take root before the onset of frost, then it will die. For spring planting, preparatory work is carried out in the fall. For autumn, on the contrary, - in spring.

Selection of a place

The pear does not tolerate transplants, it is recommended to immediately plant the tree in a permanent place. A site well lit by the sun and protected from the cold north wind is suitable. It is undesirable to plant a tree in a swampy area, because of strong waterlogging, the roots will begin to rot.

Medovaya variety does not tolerate acidic soils. Before planting, the soil must be limed, diluted with peat and sand, add 1-2 buckets of humus, 200 grams of wood ash, 100 grams of potassium sulfate and superphosphate.

Preparing the seedling

Saplings only 1-2 years old are suitable for planting. After all, the older the tree, the worse it takes root. The maximum age of a seedling is 3 years. Young trees have the best adaptability. An annual seedling should have a height of 0.95 meters, a trunk thickness of 12 millimeters. There should be no branches on a young tree.

A two-year-old seedling has a length of -1.65 meters and 3-5 branches. From the middle of the trunk to the very top there should be kidneys. The root system can consist of three main and many small roots, be developed, resilient, he althy. Have no swelling or growths. The length of the roots is 22-30 centimeters. Before planting, the seedling can be placed in a bucket of water and Kornevin or Heteroauxin for 23 hours.

Boarding process

For a pear, you must first (a month before planting) prepare a hole 0.95 meters deep and 60-80 centimeters wide. The excavated earth is diluted with peat and sand, organic and mineral substances are also added. Then the soil is poured back into the hole with a mound, a seedling is placed on top, the roots are straightened, sprinkled with the remaining earth.

The root neck should be 5-6.5 centimeters above the soil level. The earth near the tree is lightly tamped and watered with water (1.5-2 buckets).

Before planting in the very center of the hole, you can insert a peg to support and protect the young thin seedling.

Pollinators

Honey is a partially self-fertile variety. To get a high yield near this tree, it is recommended to plant 2-3 pollinators. Suitable varieties: Miraculous, Tauride, Bore Bosk, Bere Ardapon. Pollinators should match the periods of flowering and fruit ripening.

Tree care tips

Pear requires watering, timely top dressing, sanitary pruning and crown formation. It is desirable to warm the tree for the winter.

Water frequency and hole care

Immediately after planting, the tree is watered every week. For irrigation, settled rainwater is used. 1-2 buckets of water are poured under the root. An adult pear is watered in dry and hot weather, during flowering and the formation of ovaries. After watering, the soil is loosened, the soil crust is broken, weeds are removed. In order to retain moisture longer, the soil surface can be mulched with sawdust or peat, hay. In rainy weather, the pear is not watered.

Cutting

Pruning is recommended in the spring (in March) - before the juices begin to move. The first time the trees are pruned only in the second year after planting. The central trunk and side branches are slightly shortened (by a third of the length).At first, 2-3 main (skeletal) branches should be left on the tree, over the years their number is increased to 5-6. Branches that thicken the crown are cut into a ring. In autumn, after leaf fall, sanitary pruning of the tree is carried out. Cut diseased, broken branches. Places of cuts are treated with copper sulphate, garden pitch.

First bloom

A young seedling planted in the spring should be cut off all the flowers so that the nutrients go to the formation of new branches and leaves, and not to the development of fruits. For the next season, you can leave half of the blossoming flowers and a few ovaries.

Preparing for winter

Pear before the onset of cold weather (in November) needs to be whitewashed with lime, fed with organic and mineral substances, watered well (2 buckets of water), and insulated before frost. Good winter hardiness is facilitated by the introduction of potassium-phosphorus top dressing. The trunk circle can be mulched with humus mixed with peat, covered with spruce branches.The trunk itself can be wrapped with burlap and agrofibre. In winter, you need to add more snow to the tree all the time.

Feeding and effective fertilizers

Pear can be fed in the second year after planting. In spring, the culture is fertilized with humus (1.5-2 kilograms per tree). Before flowering, the pear is fed with potassium chloride and superphosphate (35 grams of the substance is diluted with ten liters of water). It is useful to fertilize the tree with nitroammophos (50 grams per ten liters of liquid).

In the summer, during loosening, 210 grams of wood ash can be added to the trunk circle. Before wintering, the tree is fertilized with potassium sulfate, superphosphate. For the winter, it is advisable to mulch the trunk circle with peat with humus.

Diseases, top pests and best practices

Common tree diseases: scab (brown spots on leaves), rust (bright orange spots on leaf plates), fruit rot (fruit rot). The pear will hurt less if a series of preventive measures are taken in early spring.

Before the buds open, the tree should be whitewashed with lime or Bordeaux mixture, the trunk circle should be poured with a solution of copper sulphate. The foliage is sprayed with a fungicide solution in the spring (Skor, Horus, Dnok). Leaf treatments are carried out before flowering, every 10-14 days. Fungicidal preparations are diluted with water according to the instructions, infection control agents can be alternated. Affected leaves, rotting fruits must be plucked and destroyed.

In summer, the pear is often attacked by sucker, aphids, pear codling moth. To combat insects, trapping belts are installed on the trunk, and the soil in the trunk circle is dug up and watered with insecticides. Before and after flowering, the foliage is sprayed with insecticide solutions (Aktara, Fitoverm, Actellik, Agravertin).

Pear harvesting and storage

Pears are harvested at the moment of technical ripeness. Fruits ripen by the end of September.Her fruits do not crumble, they have to be harvested by hand, along with the stalk. Ripe fruit should have juicy, sweet, cream-colored flesh, yellowish-brown skin. The collected pears are placed in boxes and stored in a cool, dry place at an air temperature of 1-5 degrees Celsius.

He althy, whole fruits last until January. Honey pear is consumed fresh, jams are made from the fruits, juices are made. This variety is not suitable for freezing.

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