Vaccination of cattle: scheme and schedule of vaccinations for animals from birth

Infectious diseases cause significant harm to animal husbandry: the death and slaughter of sick animals, reduced productivity, the cost of treating sick individuals. Vaccination of livestock of cattle is the main way to prevent diseases. You also need to remember that animals that have had some types of infections become carriers of the virus for life.

Importance of the event

To grow he althy livestock, it is necessary to follow a certain set of measures: ensuring proper feeding and housing conditions, preventing the occurrence and spread of diseases. It is vaccination that minimizes the risk of animal disease.

The farms use a preventive vaccine against common diseases. Foot-and-mouth disease, leptospirosis, anthrax, necrobacteriosis are dangerous for livestock, therefore, animals are vaccinated in all regions.

If there is a threat of the spread of other infections, then the decision on the need for vaccination is made by the local veterinarian.

Main recommendations

The effectiveness of vaccination depends on the correct preparation of the vaccination schedule. It is also necessary to consider which vaccine is used:

inactivated - the substance is based on killed bacteria or their fragments;
live - the drug is created from weakened microorganisms - pathogens;
associated - complex.

Vaccination campaign is carried out with a certain frequency. As a rule, the vaccine administration schedule is calculated according to the age of the animal. Most of the drugs involve revaccination to consolidate the result.

Follow the schedule of vaccinations should be both large livestock farms and small. There are no universal vaccination schemes, since factors must be taken into account: the state of he alth of animals, the conditions of their maintenance, the epizootic situation of the region. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that vaccination of cattle does not cancel the regular checks on the he alth of animals, since when alarming symptoms appear, sick individuals are separated from the herd to prevent the spread of infection.

What vaccines are used

The list of vaccines recommended for disease prevention will vary by region. It is advisable to use complex vaccines that provide immunity to several infections at once:

"KOMBOVAC" is used to prevent infection with viral diarrhea, pasteurellosis, infectious rhinotracheitis, parinfluenza-3;
"DEFENSOR 3" - inactivated rabies vaccine;
"TAURUS" helps the animal's body acquire immunity against leptospirosis, infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea, parinfluenza-3;
associated anthrax vaccine;
inactivated FMD vaccine.

Preparations for vaccination are produced by various companies. Before using substances, it is recommended to verify their effectiveness, safety for animal he alth.

Vaccination of calves

In order for a calf to develop some immunity by 2 months of age, a vaccination schedule must be followed from birth.

Age 12-18 days

Animals of this age are vaccinated against pasteurellosis, parainfluenza-3, infectious rhinotracheitis, respiratory syncytial infection.It is recommended to use several livestock vaccines. Bovilis Bovipast is available as a subcutaneous injection. The suspension has a light pink hue.

Used to develop immunity against respiratory syncytial infection, pasteurellosis, parainfluenza-3.

To protect young animals from infectious rhinotracheitis, the drug "Bovilis RSP" is used. The vaccine can be administered intramuscularly, but intranasal administration (one milliliter in each nostril) is recommended for calves.

In regions where the risk of salmonellosis infection is high, calves aged 10-12 days are also vaccinated (1 ml of the drug). After 20 days, the vaccination is repeated, but a dose of 2 ml is administered.

Age 40-45 days

Young animals at the age of 30 days are initially injected subcutaneously in the neck area with the Kombovak vaccine in a volume of 1 ml.The drug is used to prevent mouth and coronavirus diseases, from infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea, parainfluenza-3. Re-vaccinate calves after 15 days. Thanks to Kombovak, the animal's body develops immunity to diseases in two weeks, which lasts for 8 months.

Also, animals at this age are revaccinated with Bovilis Bovipast RSP. During the life of a calf from one and a half months to four, it is recommended to vaccinate calves against ringworm, anthrax. Subsequently, vaccination against anthrax is carried out annually.

Age 120-130 days

Animals of this age should be re-vaccinated against infectious rhinotracheitis. Calves aged 125 days are revaccinated against leptospirosis (dose - 6 ml). The first time a vaccination against leptospirosis is given to young animals aged 110 days (the volume of the drug is 4 ml).

Individuals aged 135 days are given a vaccine (1 ml dose) against emphysematous carbuncle. The disease is not considered infectious, but leads to the death of animals. At risk are calves aged 3 months to 3 years.

Vaccination of adults

Only he althy farm animals are allowed to be vaccinated. Vaccination of individuals weakened or infected with other diseases is carried out after recovery. Vaccination activities are carried out according to the schemes.

For leptospirosis, 2-year-old cows are given 8 ml of the vaccine. Older animals are given a 10 ml injection.

A live dry vaccine is used for brucellosis vaccination. The agent is administered in a volume of 2 ml, subcutaneously. Animals aged 4-6 months are vaccinated for the first time, again after 10 months. Already 3 weeks after the injection, the body develops immunity that lasts 11-12 months.

FMD is one of the common diseases. The disease is acute in young animals. Since there are several subspecies of diseases, vaccines of types A, O, C, "Asia-1" are used. Individuals aged 6 months receive the first vaccination. Revaccination is done after 60 days.

Can pregnant cows be vaccinated

Cows also need regular vaccinations during pregnancy. When compiling a vaccination, the type of drug is taken into account, how many days are left before calving:

an inactivated vaccine against infectious rhinotracheitis is administered to pregnant cows in the last three months of pregnancy. The drug with a volume of 10 ml is administered intramuscularly twice with an interval of 1 month;
cows are vaccinated against leptospirosis a month and a half before calving. The volume of the vaccine is selected depending on the age of the animal;
pregnant cows are vaccinated against colibacillosis. Primary immunoprophylaxis is carried out two months before calving. Re-injection is done after 10 days.

Veterinarians recommend vaccinating pregnant cows no later than 1.5-2 months before calving. It is impossible to vaccinate against anthrax (term - 30 days after birth).

Vaccination is a mandatory procedure for raising cattle. Regular inspection of animals, a properly drawn up vaccination plan will help save animals, ensure the productivity of livestock farms. During the vaccination period, animals must be carefully cared for.