Displacement of abomasum in cows: symptoms and treatment, pathology analysis and diet table

One of the diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in cows is the displacement of the abomasum, which is characterized by a change in the anatomical position to the right, more often to the left, filled with gases and liquid. During pregnancy, the uterus displaces the abomasum. After calving, he must stand in a normal position, which increases the risk of the disease. To diagnose the displacement of the abomasum in cows, determine the symptoms and further treatment, you should understand the causes of the disease.

What is cow abomasum

Abomasum, or glandular stomach (lat. abomasus) - a section of the stomach of ruminants, in which digestion occurs under the influence of a digestive enzyme.In adults, the abomasum is located in the lower right part of the abdominal cavity under the right hypochondrium. The thin part of the abomasum is connected to the small intestine, and the wide part - to the third section of the stomach (book). The lining of the glandular stomach is covered with epithelium that forms folds.

Displacement of the abomasum (lat. dislocatio abomasi) - the state of cattle, when the abomasum, expanded by gases, liquid or their combination, changes its anatomical position. There are two types of offset: left-handed and right-handed.

When shifted to the left side, the abomasum is located between the outer surface of the scar and the left membrane of the peritoneum. With right-sided - the right wall of the peritoneum and intestines.

The gases formed inside expand the size of the chamber of the glandular stomach. In advanced cases, it stretches and takes up a lot of space in the animal's peritoneum. In most cases, the displacement is observed after childbirth, since during pregnancy the uterus increases in size and displaces the glandular stomach.A number of reasons contribute to the development of the disease:

• hypotension of the muscle tone of the stomach or intestines;
• deposit;
• ataxia - impaired muscle movement;
• difficult labor and complications after calving;
• insufficient feed energy;
• hypocalcemia;
• poor scar filling.

But the main reason for the displacement of the abomasum is considered to be an unbalanced diet, improper nutrition, food capable of rapid fermentation.

Indicative feed intake:

1626166,9

	DM in), %	Moisture, %	NDK (neutral detergent fiber) in DM, %	Crude fiber in DM, %	Starch and sugar in DM, %	Crude protein in DM, %	Person, MJ /kg DM (feed energy)
1 dry period (60-21 days before parturition)	30	40-55	25	20	15	12	5.5
2 dry period (20 days-delivery)	35	40-50	25	18	20	14	6.5
Newborn period (1-10 days after birth)	40-55	30-35	30

According to the table, you can calculate the cow's diet rate to avoid abomasum diseases. With an excess of dry matter in the feed or overeating, the release of partially digested food into the abomasum increases. The gastric chamber overflows, the movement of chyme stops, gases are formed. Often the bias is due to the presence of fine parts and concentrates in the feed.

Symptoms of the disease

Clinical manifestations of displacement begin in the first four weeks after calving, in 15-20% - immediately after delivery. Main symptoms:

• violation or complete lack of appetite;
• dehydration;
• rare gum chewing;
• milk production is declining;
• abdominal bloating with colic;
• rare bowel movements;
• pasty dark green feces with mucus and a specific odor;
• acetonemia;
• Hypotension of the scar.

With a twisted right-sided shift, the pulse quickens to 140 beats / min. The pain due to colic is severe, the animal begins to kick in the stomach and kicks. If the disease is not diagnosed in time and timely treatment is not started, then intoxication of the body develops, and the animal will die.

Diagnostic measures

This disease is common in highly productive cattle in Western Europe, Canada and the USA. Incidence analysis accounts for 1% to 5% of all cow diseases.

Left-sided displacement is diagnosed in about 85%, and right-sided - about 15% of all cases of displacement.

To make an accurate diagnosis, determine displacement dislocation using three diagnostic methods:

1. Palpation - fingers are first probed, and then pressed with force under the right rib. A tender reaction on palpation indicates an enlarged stomach or torsion.
2. Percussion - when tapped, the percussion tympanic sound is clear and loud, which indicates fermentation, fullness and accumulation of gases.
3. Auscultation - when listening with a stethoscope, crackling sounds appear due to the bursting of gas bubbles in the tissues.

For reliability, a blood test is taken from a vein to identify the degree of accumulation of ketone bodies and changes in other metabolic processes in the animal's body.

How to treat disease in cattle

Treatment is possible in two ways: non-surgical therapy and surgical way.

Non-surgical treatment includes a number of activities:

1. Intravenously administered solutions of s alt, glucose and painkillers.
2. Cow should be hungry for 1-2 days.
3. The abomasum is returned to the correct anatomical position.
4. Fix attachment.

Non-surgical treatment is ineffective, so the main method is surgical intervention, which provides up to 95% of a positive outcome after surgery. During surgical intervention, the walls of the abdominal cavity are cut in the right hypochondrium, gases are removed, the abomasum is returned to the correct anatomical position and secured with ligatures.

Possible Complications

Changing the anatomical position of the abomasum promotes milk loss and ketosis. Intestinal volvulus may occur, leading to the death of the cow.

Problem Prevention

The main prevention of the disease is the organization of proper nutrition. The preferred structure of the diet is a fiber content of at least 18% of the DM, concentrated feed - no more than 45%. In order to prevent displacement of the abomasum, the following diseases must be prevented and treated immediately:

• milk fever;
• myometritis;
• mastitis;
• retention of the placenta, which reduces food intake.

It is believed that cows lying on their left side are less prone to displacement. The displacement of the abomasum in pregnant cows, as well as during lactation, in most cases, occurs due to malnutrition. A balanced diet will prevent gastrointestinal diseases and increase cow productivity.

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