Biopreparations: types and which are better for protecting plants from pests and diseases
Preparations with components of biological origin are used in agriculture along with traditional synthetic agents. They have both similarities and differences. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of biological products, pest control products, products based on plant extracts, seed treatment, soil disinfection, plant treatment during the growing season, potato products.
What are biologics and what are they?
Biopreparations used in agriculture - special means to control plant pests, pathogens and weeds.They work on the same principle as pesticides, but differ from them in that they contain microorganisms or are made from waste products, and not made from fully synthetic compounds. Because of this, they become harmless to cultivated plants, soil, humans, insects, animals.
Depending on the origin of the active substance, preparations of biological origin are divided into bacterial, fungal and viral. The first group is used mainly to combat phytopathogens, rodents and harmful insects. Means with fungi-entopathogens are used against microorganisms that cause diseases and pests. Both plants and soil are treated with biopreparations. Viral biological products are produced on the basis of entomopathogenic viruses. They are specific in direction, they act on pests of a certain type.
Pros and cons of such drugs
Biological preparations for the garden and garden have properties that can be attributed to advantages and disadvantages.
Disadvantages of biological products: less than pesticides, efficiency and protective period, which is why it is necessary to carry out processing more than 1 time to achieve the effect.
Biological products for pest control
In this category of biological products, there are enough means to protect against pests - insects of various species, destroy both adults and larvae.
"Actoverm" destroys the spider mite on cucumbers cultivated in the greenhouse, and the Colorado potato beetle on potato plantings. The biological product effectively works against aphids, thrips, codling moths, scoops, moths, leafworms on fruit and other crops. Application: the concentration of the solution for nightshade - from 4 to 10 ml per 1 liter, for cabbage - 4, for flowers, including indoor - 4-10, for shrubs and fruits - 4-8, for grapes - 3-4. Solution consumption - 5-10 liters per hundred square meters, 1-2 liters per bush, 2-8 liters per tree. Treat with a biological product 1-3 times with an interval of 1.5-2 weeks.
Bitoxibacillin protects crops from pests that damage fruits, leaves and flowers. The application rate for nightshade, cabbage, fruit, root crops, sunflower, grapes and alfalfa is 35 ml per 4-5 liters, for cucumbers - 70 ml.The number of treatments - from 1 to 4, with an interval of 1 or 2 weeks.
Means from plant extracts
Biological preparations of this group are made with extracts of various plants that can affect pests and microorganisms. "Extra Flor" contains extracts of cedar and clover seeds, fir oil and pine needles extract. Designed to accelerate the growth of seedlings, ripening and flowering, increases the number of peduncles. Application of the biological product: dissolve the contents of the package in 1 liter of water, pour a warm solution under the root of the plant.
"ExtraFlor", which is used against aphids and thrips, contains an extract of bitter wormwood and pine needles. Application: dissolve the powder in 1 liter of very warm water, let cool, filter, spray plants or water under the root.
ExtraFlor is designed to fight ticks, caterpillars, moles, rats and mice, fleas, flies, bears, ants, slugs and snails, scale insects and spider mites.
For seed treatment
Popular biological product - "Fitosporin", contains a natural fungicide and Gumi fertility complex. The remedy is applicable for fungal and bacterial diseases, has a therapeutic and prophylactic effect, has anti-stress and immunostimulating properties. Solution for seed treatment: 1.5 g per 1 liter, for roots of seedlings and seedlings - 3 g per 1 liter, for tubers - 10 g per 1 liter.
Biopreparation "Phytodoctor" is a fungicide and at the same time a growth stimulator. The solution is prepared from 2 g per 1 liter for seeds, from 3 g per 1 liter for seedlings and 10-15 g per 1 liter for bulbs and potatoes.
For soil disinfection
The universal and very effective biological product "Baikal EM" is applied to the soil to protect against pathogens that may be present there. Accelerates plant growth and fruit ripening. In the soil, it accelerates the conversion of organic residues into fertilizer.Restores soil fertility, removes toxic elements. To obtain 1 ton of high-quality compost, 1 liter of the preparation is added to the heap.
How to properly prepare the solution: dissolve 1 part of the product in 100 parts of water, add 50 g of sugar, mix and leave to infuse in the dark for 5-7 days. After that, the solution is ready for use.
"Gliocladin" - a remedy for bacterial and fungal pathogens in the soil, is used for any crop. The speed of exposure is 3-7 days. Consumption: 1 tablet per 300 ml of soil, spread to a depth of 1 cm.
For processing plants during the growing season
Bioprotection of plants is carried out during their active growth, flowering and fruiting, after harvest. The drug "Albit" is used on crops during the season 1-3 times in the 1st half of the growing season with intervals of 2-3 weeks. Application rate - 10 l - 102 ml, the solution can be used for watering, spraying, fertilizing under the roots and foliage, for drip irrigation, for applying to the soil and peat mixtures.
"Bactogen" - a treatment agent, diluted in a ratio of 1 to 100, sprayed for treatment and prevention in 2-3 weeks. A biological product is consumed at 0.2 liters per 1 sq. m. square.
"Trichodermin" from root and fruit rot, late blight and other fungal diseases is widely used in farms and private households to treat a wide range of crops. Plants are sprayed with a solution at a concentration for powder of 20 g per 5 l of water, for concentrate 5-10 ml per 1 liter. A volume of 5 liters is spent on 1 weave.
For potatoes
"AlirinB" is recommended to fight fungal infections, including late blight, on potatoes. It is applied on nightshade in the open and closed ground. 20 tablets of the drug should be spent on 1 hundred squares planted with potatoes.
Means "Gamair" is active against phytopathogenic fungi parasitizing on potatoes.It can be used, regardless of the stage of growth in which the plants are, in industrial and personal areas. The substance does not accumulate in the soil, acts selectively, protects crops for 20-30 days after treatment.
Biological agricultural products - a new word in the protection of crops from pests and diseases. Their main advantage is non-toxicity for plants, land, water, animals and humans. And, although they are inferior in speed and effectiveness to classic pesticides, they do no harm. They are moderately priced and economical. Their advantage is the fact that biological preparations can be used not only on large areas of farms, but also in vegetable gardens and gardens of personal plots. To do this, manufacturers produce products in packaging of various sizes, convenient for use.
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