Dust: what is it and the formula of the chemical, how does it affect people and the use of the pesticide

Processing with plant dust has not lost its relevance to this day, despite the fact that there are preparations much more modern than it. Consider what it is, types, physical and chemical properties, the degree of resistance to decomposition, the effect on harmful insects. Application according to the instructions of the dust, rules of use, similar preparations than can be replaced.

What is dust

This is the name of the preparative form in the form of a powder. This is a mixture of the active substance of the chemical and the filler, which is intended for dusting.The drug was discovered in 1873, but only half a century later it was found that it acts as a poison on insects. After that, the dust began to be used as an insecticide in the fields and in private households.

Types of pesticides

The most famous dusts are DDT and HCCH. They have a different composition, belong to organochlorine compounds. Available in powder, wettable powder, concentrated emulsion. Work as pesticides with intestinal and contact actions. Applied to plants by dusting and spraying.

Physical and chemical properties

DDT or dichlorodiphenyltrichloromethylmethane - a substance in the form of white crystals, it dissolves poorly in ordinary water, it is better diluted in organic and other solvents. Dichlorodiphenyl trichloromethylmethane has a sharp characteristic odor. DDT is also called another insecticide - dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, which has a similar effect.

As a filler in the preparation, various inert materials are used: kaolin, chalk, talc, clay, silica gel and others. The amount of the active substance is regulated by the activity of the drug and its purpose, is 1-10%.

Dust has a long shelf life compared to many other pesticides and can be stored in a cold room and at elevated temperatures.

Resistant to decay

Insecticide formula resistant to soil degradation. It is not affected by destructive enzymes, temperature, light, it penetrates the environment unchanged. The substance and its metabolites can accumulate in plants, soil, water, tissues of organisms of higher animals and humans.

Exposure to pests

The pesticide specifically affects the transmission of nerve impulses in pests, it disrupts the process of interaction between sodium and potassium in the membranes of nerve cells.After prolonged use of the chemical, insects can become addicted, as well as to other COS. Various types of insects can become resistant, such as potato beetles, houseflies and mites.

In tank mixtures, dust is used together with hexachlorane, when used together, the effect of substances is enhanced.

Instructions for use

Dust was used against insects - pests of crops and carriers of various infections in animals. This drug was produced in different concentrations: 5.5% and 10% of the powder used for dusting.

Wettable powders of 30 and 50% concentration and mineral oil concentrated 20% emulsion were intended for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions. Technical dust was used on large areas of collective farms.

Dust used to be an important contact insecticide for the control of leaf-eating insects in almost all crops.It can be sprayed with a solution or sprinkled with a dry powder, if for some reason it is difficult to prepare a solution. Sprinkle in a thin layer, work in the absence of wind so that the powder does not blow away to other plants.

Safety when using

Dust doesn't adhere well to vertical surfaces. The powder is easy to dust, so it is not recommended to work in the wind. When stored in a humid environment, the dust will cake.

It has been established that dust can accumulate in adipose tissue. It is poorly soluble in water, but accumulates in aquatic organisms to high concentrations. It can accumulate in plants, animals, and then in the human body. In the next link of this peculiar chain, the concentration can increase by an order of magnitude.

Due to the low solubility of dust in water and significant in fats, it is retained in fat cells.The rate of accumulation of the compound depends on the concentration, duration of exposure, type of animal and conditions. Toxic effects may appear over a long period of time after the accumulation of the compound in the body.

Dust can be present in the soil for up to 12 years, in conditions without the presence of air, bacteria decompose it within 2-4 weeks. At higher temperatures, decomposition is faster.

How dust affects people: it is dangerous for a person; poisoning can cause even in small doses, but without tangible consequences. In large doses it leads to death. The compound may be present in the blood, penetrate into adipose tissue, milk.

Dust affects the immune system, inhibits the activity of enzyme substances, inhibits the creation of antibodies. Does not have a mutagenic, carcinogenic, fertility-reducing effect, does not have a toxic effect on embryos.

When working with dust in any preparative form, you must strictly follow the rules of your own safety. Be sure to work in clothing that will cover the entire body, that is, wear trousers, a shirt with long sleeves, a respirator and goggles on your face. Hands must be protected with long rubber gloves.

After finishing treatment, wash hands with soap and face, remove and wash clothes. Dry her. If the solution comes into contact with the skin, wash it off with water so that there is no irritation. Rinse eyes if substance gets into them. Do a flush if the liquid or powder has entered the stomach. Rinse with activated charcoal and water (1 liter and 6-7 tablets). After 15 minutes of ingestion, induce vomiting. If it doesn't get better, be sure to seek medical help.

Symptoms of poisoning: feeling tired, pain in the head, arms and legs, palpitations, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting.There may be pain in the pancreas, right hypochondrium, the kidneys may be affected, the liver may be enlarged. Symptoms may include sensory loss, paralysis, and hyporeflexia. If the poisoning is severe, then the temperature may rise, shortness of breath, visual disturbances, increased heart rate, convulsions may appear. In acute poisoning, death can occur in 1-2 hours.

Acute intoxication is possible by inhalation of the powder, symptoms appear after 4-5 hours, these are weakness, nausea, salivation, runny nose, conjunctivitis, dizziness, fever, then bronchitis or tracheitis may develop as a sign of respiratory damage. If dust gets on the skin, poisoning is also possible, which begins with skin irritation. If the substance gets into the eyes, they may experience pain, conjunctivitis may develop.

Symptoms of chronic intoxication after prolonged contact with dust: headache, severe fatigue, loss of appetite, cramps and pain in the limbs, sweating, trembling in the legs and arms, palpitations, shortness of breath, polyneuritis, emotional instability, tingling in the hands and legs.There may be numbness in the forearms, changes in vision and speech, hepatitis, bronchitis, gastritis, impaired kidney function, eczema and other skin diseases.

Analogues

For domestic use against domestic pests, you can use "Klopoveron", "Riapan" with the active substance permethrin, "Phenaksin" with the active substance fenvalerate, "Fas-double" against bedbugs, "Hexachloran" and others.

In agriculture, dust can be replaced with insecticides with various active ingredients. These are more modern drugs that are not inferior to him in efficiency, but much safer.

Dust is the first effective synthetic insecticide that has been used since the 40s of the 20th century. Despite the effectiveness, it is not recommended to use it, because it is toxic, often causes poisoning, especially if you use it often.Now there are drugs that can replace this substance and will not harm plants, soil, animals.

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