Chlorpyrifos: instructions for use and analogues, harm to humans

Chlorpyrifos is a chemical element found in many pesticides. It is actively used in agriculture and at home. The substance successfully copes with various harmful insects. If necessary, the product can be mixed with other active ingredients. To avoid toxic effects on people, it is important to follow the instructions carefully.

Physical and chemical properties

Chlorpyrifos in its pure form is white crystals. The tool is resistant to acidic and neutral environments. At the same time, it quickly disintegrates under the influence of alkalis.

The main physical characteristics of the product include:

• steam pressure - 1.9∙10-5 millimeters of mercury;
• melting temperature - 41.5-43.5 degrees;
• molecular weight - 350.6.

Solubility varies by liquid:

• in water at a temperature of 25 degrees - 2 milligrams per 1 liter;
• in benzene - 7900 grams per 1 kilogram;
• in acetone - 6500 grams per 1 kilogram;
• in ethanol - 630 grams per 1 kilogram;
• in xylene - 4000 grams per 1 kilogram.

Action on harmful mechanisms

When ingested by parasites, chlorpyrifos phosphorylates a number of substrates. One of them is a protein enzyme that is present in nerve tissues. It's called acetylcholinesterase. This substance plays an important role in the transmission of nerve impulses.

The active ingredient belongs to the category of carboxylic acid ester hydrolases. It is predominantly located on the postsynaptic membrane of the synopsis and is part of the axon membrane.

Chlorpyrifos and organophosphorus substances, when interacting with esterases, provoke the suppression of their activity. Such elements act as competitive inhibition. Acetylcholinesterase is responsible for the hydrolysis of acetylcholine. As the enzyme is blocked by chlorpyrifos, accumulation of acetylcholine is observed in the synaptic cleft. This causes a disruption in the transmission of nerve impulses.

As a result, convulsions develop, turning into paralysis. When chlorpyrifos enters the insect body through the respiratory system, stomach or integument, the activity of acetylcholinesterase decreases. The tool allows you to get rid of bedbugs. It also helps against ants and cockroaches.

Chlorpyrifos is considered more stable than other organophosphates.Therefore, it exhibits a noticeable intestinal effect. The longer the substance remains active, the more effective it is against gnawing pests. The duration of the effect of the remedy reaches 40-70 days. The substance remains in the soil for 60-120 days. There is also evidence that the active component is able to remain stable in the soil for 2 years.

With the systematic use of products based on chlorpyrifos, group resistance to it develops in some types of parasites.

The best drugs based on chlorpyrpiphos

Substance present in such pesticides used in agriculture:

• "Nurbel";
• Dursban;
• Nurimet;
• "Sail".

The following substances are commonly used in domestic conditions:

• "Sinuzan";
• Maxiphos;
• "Xulat";
• Seachlor.

Rules of application

When using drugs based on this substance, it is important to follow the instructions. In this case, it is recommended to take into account the type of crops being processed:

1. Winter rapeseed. It is best to carry out processing in the fall. The tool will help to destroy the larvae of cabbage scoops, moths and other parasites. In the spring, the composition is applied before the formation of buds.
2. Winter grain plants. In this case, it is worth using the product in autumn and early spring. It helps to cope with the larvae of the grain beetle. It is worth completing the processing by the time the ear comes out.
3. Peas. The drug helps to destroy gray beet weevils and bruhus. It should be used at the stage of budding.
4. Sunflower. The tool is used to destroy the larvae of the winter nibbling scoop and aphids.
5. Corn. The composition successfully copes with the larvae of the corn moth and cotton scoop. The substance should be applied before flowering begins.

Safety measures and harm to humans

In its pure form, chlorpyrifos belongs to the second class of danger. Preparations based on this substance belong to the second or third level of toxicity.

When poisoned with a drug, there is a risk of abdominal pain and visual impairment. With intestinal intoxication, you need to drink a few tablets of activated charcoal and provoke vomiting. After that, you need to see a doctor. Atropine sulfate is considered an antidote for chlorpyrifos.

If a substance gets on the skin, the affected area must be wiped with a cotton pad, soaked in an alcohol solution. In case of penetration of the composition into the eyes, they must be thoroughly rinsed.

Chlorpyrifos is an effective tool that helps to cope with various insects. In order for the substance-based drug to work, you need to clearly follow the instructions.

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