Where wheat is grown: areas and sowing dates, cultivation technology

Wheat in Russia is one of the key agricultural crops and occupies large areas of land. Consider where wheat is grown in Russia and in the world, cultivation technology, basic crop requirements, sowing features and timing, how to plant it correctly, which varieties to choose. How to take care of wheat to get a good harvest.

Growing regions in Russia

In Russia, both spring and winter wheat are grown. Winter varieties are sown mainly in the southern regions, with warm winters. The culture is sown in the Kuban and Stavropol, in the Rostov, Volgograd and Saratov regions.

Spring varieties of soft and hard varieties are grown in Altai, in the Orenburg and Omsk regions, these regions occupy more than a third of the entire growing area. The Krasnodar Territory occupies a leading position in terms of crop productivity, although it ranks third in terms of crop area.

Home conditions

You can grow wheat at home, sow spring or winter wheat. Spring varieties are sown in March-May, winter varieties - in September-October, depending on weather conditions and the climate of the region. At home, the culture is grown mainly as a green manure species or for animal feed. In both cases, the plants are not left to develop until they are ready to harvest.

When sowing before winter, it is important to plant seeds 1-1.5 months before the onset of cold weather, so that the plants have time to germinate, take root, but do not develop too much, otherwise they may suffer from frost.

Green manure wheat on personal plots is sown in areas that need improvement and top dressing. Before sowing, you can dig up the site, apply organic matter or mineral fertilizers. If the soil is dry, water it. Sow seeds to a depth of 3-5 cm, make row spacings 15 cm wide. Wheat should be mowed no later than the heading stage. Leave the mass on the surface or embed into the soil.

Basic requirements and landing dates

Wheat, like all cereals, is a cold-resistant crop, seeds germinate at temperatures up to 5 ° C, so they can be sown in spring as soon as it gets warmer. The optimum temperature for plant development is 18-20 °C. But the culture is also resistant to elevated temperatures. Winter crop withstands frosts down to -17 °С without snow cover and up to -25 °С under snow.

Wheat has higher moisture requirements than other cereals. But it consumes moisture unevenly. Of all stages of development, plants consume the most water during the period of emergence into the tube and in the heading stage, this time accounts for more than half of the volume of water consumed.

Wheat develops best on fertile soils, structural, with a neutral reaction. The best soil types for it are chernozem, podzolic, chestnut. The culture gives a low yield on sandy loam, sandy, and also on clay and heavy clay soils.

Suitable varieties

Proven and new varieties of winter and spring wheat are grown in Russia:

• Axinya;
• Ascetic;
• Zest;
• Lydia;
• Lilith;
• Ermak;
• Etude;
• Bid;
• Olympus;
• Ulyasha;
• Caroline;
• Yumpa;
• Brigade;
• Trio;
• Esaul.

Features of sowing in Russia

It is important to sow at a favorable time for plant germination and development. It is optimal to sow in the spring, with a steady increase in temperature above 5 ° C. Sow in autumn when the average daily temperature is 15°C. Before the onset of cold weather, an average of 45-50 days should pass. The sowing rate in different regions is different, but, on average, it is 4.5-5 million hectares.per hectare, planting depth - approximately 5 cm.

How to plant

In your garden, you can plant wheat on the plot manually. To do this, you first need to prepare it: remove all plant debris in the garden, dig, if necessary, apply organic or mineral fertilizers. Mix the soil and level. Make grooves to a depth of 5 cm and with a distance of up to 15 cm between them. Sow seeds freely in the grooves, cover with earth. If the soil is very dry, water it. With sufficient moisture, watering is not needed.

Wheat is sown on the field with seeders, row or cross method, like other cereals. Roll after sowing to compact the soil.

Rules of care

It has been established that with a yield of 50-60 centners per hectare, wheat requires 3.5-4.5 kg of nitrogen. The lack of nutrients during the growth period affects the development of plants, and during the period when the grain is pouring, it affects its fullness, gluten and protein content.

According to the cultivation technology, in order to increase the quality of grain, it is necessary to carry out foliar fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers at the beginning of the growing season of plants and at the stage from the completion of flowering to milky ripeness. Wheat does not need watering - basically, natural moisture is enough for plants.

During the period of wheat growth, it needs not only proper and nutritious nutrition, but also protection from diseases and pests, which together can significantly reduce the yield. Some varieties of wheat are relatively resistant to leaf rust and powdery mildew, but they need to be protected from other dangerous diseases, such as septoria or fusariosis of the ear. Often, wheat is also affected by pests - thrips, a bug bug. When pests appear, it is imperative to spray the crops with insecticides, the waiting period for which expires before the grain is harvested.

Harvesting is carried out at waxy or full ripeness. After reaching the full ripeness of the grain, it is necessary to carry out harvesting for no more than 10 days, so that grain shedding does not begin. If it is necessary to carry out separate harvesting, then mowing is carried out 3-5 days before the expected ripening, followed by drying in rolls.

Where is wheat grown in the world

Grain crops are grown in many countries, the largest producers not only provide their population with grain, but also export it as a raw material to other countries. The main exporters are Canada, USA, Russia, Australia, France. Japan, Egypt, Brazil, Indonesia, Algeria are the largest importers of the crop.

More than 65% of the total amount of grain grown is in countries that are in the top ten producers of wheat. The leaders are China, India and Russia. In general, the volume of wheat grown in the world corresponds to the volume of world consumption.

Wheat, along with rice and corn, is the main grain crop, a raw material for food production. But they grow it only where climatic conditions allow it to grow successfully and give decent yields. These are countries with a moderately humid and warm climate.

Russia's southern and central regions are well suited for growing crops, allowing the country to remain in the lead in terms of area sown with crops and yields. In Russian agriculture, wheat is considered as the main grain crop, the cultivation of which always brings a guaranteed profit to the farm.

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