Sowing rate of barley per 1 hectare in kg: timing and technology of cultivation, crop rotation

One of the main crops for grain - barley, requires compliance with agrotechnical methods when growing. Consider the requirements of the culture for growing conditions, what should be the predecessors, what are the terms and methods of sowing in agriculture, the sowing rate of barley per 1 ha in kg. How to sow grain, caring for the crop and protecting against possible diseases.

Recommended predecessors

For barley for grain, row crops are considered the best predecessors: root crops, corn, potatoes, cereal-bean mixtures, legumes, perennial fodder grasses, oats, buckwheat, flax.An important rule of crop rotation is the application of fertilizers for crops, which are then partially used by barley.

For spring barley, winter crops grown on clean, pre-fertilized fallow can be precursors. It is not advisable to sow barley after barley, there will not be enough nutrients in the soil, because plants of the same species draw the same nutrients from the soil. Plus, the likelihood of contracting common diseases is increasing.

Moisture, soil, light and heat requirements

Barley can withstand 40°C heat and is considered the most drought tolerant crop. Plants intensively consume water in the phase of emergence into the tube and at the beginning of the heading phase. The lack of moisture during this period negatively affects the pollen, some of the flowers remain unpollinated, which reduces the yield.

This is a culture of long daylight hours, the lack of lighting leads to a delay in the onset of the heading phase. The vegetation period is 60-110 days.

Requirements for soil acidity and soil fertility are high. It does not tolerate acidic soils; it develops poorly on the poor. Low yields are obtained on waterlogged soils, sandy, light structured and solonetzic.

Timing and methods of sowing

You can sow barley in spring before all grain crops. In the Rostov region and in the south-eastern regions, exceeding the sowing time by a week leads to the loss of a third of the crop, in the Central Black Earth zone - a quarter of the crop, in the Non-Chernozem region - by 10-15%.

You can sow in the forest-steppe zone of the Kemerovo region and in Siberia on May 15-25, in the Asian part of Russia on May 20-30, so that tillering occurs in the summer during the rainy period. In the Kuban, Crimea and Central Asian countries, cultivation can begin as early as February.

Spring barley is sown in narrow-row or cross-row methods, which are preferred in that they increase grain yield per unit area compared to the usual row method.

Barley consumption rate per 1 ha in kg

How many seeds are needed in kg per hectare and in pieces, depending on the growing area, can be seen in the table:

3.5-4.5130-160Far East and Siberia4.5-6160-200Ukraine 3.5-4.5120-160

Region	Pieces per hectare	Kg per hectare
Non-chernozem zone	5,5-6	240
Central Black Earth Zone	5-6	180-200
Southeast	3-4	100-140
North Caucasus

These are approximate norms, they are subject to clarification depending on the agrotechnical and soil conditions of the area. Under favorable conditions, you can take the minimum norms.

embedding depth

The depth to which you need to lower the seeds depends on the type of soil. In heavy clay soils, the depth should be small - 3-4 cm, in light sandy loam - 5-6 cm, if the seed layer dries quickly - 6-8 cm.

For sowing, you need to use anchor seeders, which allow for earlier and more uniform sowing. The swelling of barley seeds is slow, so it is imperative to plant them in a slightly compacted moist soil layer.

Sowing process

Before sowing, the area where cereals were grown is treated with disc cultivators to a depth of 8-12 cm. If tilled crops grew, cultivation is carried out. Germinating weeds are removed by cultivation to a depth of 10-12 cm, the second treatment should be carried out to the depth of the arable layer.

According to the cultivation technology, the field is further harrowed and rolled to level the soil surface. All pre-sowing work should be carried out as quickly as possible so that there is as little break as possible between them and sowing. After harrowing, fertilizers must be applied: diammophoska for spring sowing and nitroammophoska for winter sowing, 300 kg per hectare.

Before sowing, it is necessary to treat the seeds with any disinfectant against fungal diseases and pests.

Care and protection from diseases

Barley care includes protective treatment with weeds, pests and diseases. The first stage of care is post-sowing rolling, which is carried out to improve the water and thermal regime and ensure the uniformity of seedlings.

On heavy moist soils, harrowing is done by seedlings, tillage destroys weeds, increases the air permeability of the topsoil and loosens it. After the past heavy rain, after which a crust has formed, but shoots have not yet appeared, harrowing is also carried out to break the compaction.

Herbicide treatment is done in the phases of tillering, the beginning of the exit into the tube. According to experiments, it was found that after spraying with herbicides in barley crops, up to 98% of weeds are destroyed, which leads to an increase in yield by several centners per hectare. At the same time, plants are fertilized with nitrogen (ammonium sulfate or urea) or potassium humate on the leaf. Optimal nutrition during the tillering phase reduces the impact of negative weather factors on barley, and allows you to counteract diseases and pests.

Pre-sowing and post-emergence application of a complex of fertilizers for cereals into the soil creates favorable conditions for rapid and friendly germination, development of young plants, significantly reduces the amount of harmful entomofauna, increases the resistance of barley to damage by ground beetles, Hessian and cereal flies, wireworms, aphids , thrips, bread beetles.However, during dry seasons, the healing effect of mineral fertilizers is almost not manifested.

Pesticide treatment is carried out by ground sprayers or by aircraft. The consumption rate of the solution is 200-300 l/ha and 50 l/ha, respectively. To combat barley diseases, drugs are used: Rex Duo, Impact, Alto, Bayleton, Tilt.

Barley, as the most drought-resistant crop, is recommended for cultivation in regions where natural moisture is not enough. Due to the relatively short vegetation period, it gives a stable harvest on fertile sandy and loamy soils.

Agricultural cultivation practices include pre-sowing tillage, sowing at the right time, fertilization, harrowing, pesticide treatments, timely harvesting. When sowing, it is important to take into account not only the time, but also the seeding rates per hectare.It is important to adhere to the norm: both its increase and decrease lead to a shortage of grain during harvesting.

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