Wheat yield per 1 ha and how much grain can be harvested, table

During the growing season, wheat is influenced by various factors - exogenous and endogenous. That is why it is so important to monitor changes and respond to them in a timely manner. Thanks to this, it will be possible to significantly increase the parameters of wheat yield per 1 ha. To get the desired result, you should monitor the composition of the soil, apply nutrients in a timely manner and follow other agricultural rules.

Wheat yield per hectare

Many factors affect wheat yield parameters. To assess their impact, you need to look at averages.

Average

India, China, Russia, USA are the leaders in wheat production in the world. Below is a table by regions for 2022-2023: per 1 hectare

Belgorodskaya 54 49 31 Tatarstan37 Rostovskaya36 Krasnoyarsk Territory33 Stavropol region25 Novosibirskaya18 Orenburg16 Altai Territory

	Krasnodar region
	Tambovskaya
	12
Chelyabinsk	9

Record

In 2022-2023, Russia managed to get the largest wheat harvest. The gross grain harvest amounted to 133 million tons of grain, of which 96 million are wheat.

Factors that may affect the result

Plant yield parameters depend on the influence of many factors. These include varieties, sowing dates, climatic conditions.

Varieties

Farmers collect the maximum yield only from certain varieties of crops. When choosing them, it is recommended to consider the following:

• growing technology;
• saturation of the soil with moisture;
• geographic location of the field;
• landing dates;
• expected amount of top dressing.

Common varieties that farmers most often choose to plant include:

• Catalina;
• Emerino;
• Bogdan;
• NewSmoky.

In this case, it is worth planting at least 3 varieties that are most flexible to growing conditions.

Sowing time

The correct choice of sowing dates is considered an important factor that affects yield parameters. According to numerous studies, early planting increases the likelihood of a good harvest of winter wheat.

Sown in late September or early October improves root formation and yields up to 20% more than later.

Climatic and weather conditions

Climatic conditions directly affect yield parameters. It is important to consider the following:

• air humidity parameters;
• saturation of the soil with moisture;
• frost and lack of snow in winter;
• number and duration of sunny days.

In regions with arid climate, even varieties with potentially high yields can only be sold by 15-25%. The daily moisture intake of winter wheat is different - it all depends on the stage of vegetation. In the initial stages, this parameter is no more than 17 cubic meters per 1 hectare. However, during the tillering period, it increases.

To compensate for the lack of moisture at the initial stage, it is recommended to irrigate in the amount of 1000-1400 cubic meters per 1 hectare. You also need to carry out 2-3 waterings during the growing season. The total amount of moisture should be 2800-3200 cubic meters.

Another effective method of counteracting adverse climatic conditions is the planting of forest belts. They significantly reduce the wind speed in the surrounding areas. This helps to increase the parameters of air humidity and temperature.

Chernozem is considered the optimal soil for planting grain. With a shortage of useful elements in the composition of the soil, fertilizers must be applied. Wheat requires potassium and phosphorus preparations. They help increase yield parameters.

Soil

When planting wheat, it is required to take into account the granulometric composition of the soil. Of no small importance is the content of organic fertilizers and moisture.

Proper tillage when planting winter wheat helps to achieve the following results:

• get uniform seedlings;
• improve root development of bushes;
• to form a tillering knot.

After the predecessors, the land should have a fine structure and a sufficient level of moisture. It is important that it contains nutrients in an absorbable form. These include potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium.

Crop rotation rules

Winter wheat is the most demanding for its predecessors. A high yield depends on a large number of factors, but compliance with crop rotation rules is considered decisive. Root development depends on this.

The best predecessors of winter cereals include:

• grain legumes;
• annual grasses - sorghum and Sudanese are considered exceptions;
• early harvest corn for silage;
• early potato varieties.

Growing Technology

Like all crops, wheat responds well to fertilization. The culture develops well in soil enriched with phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. To receive 30 centners of the crop, you will need to deposit:

• 90 kilograms of nitrogen;
• 60 kilos of potassium;
• 25 kilograms of phosphorus.

The vegetation phase of the crop influences the dynamics of nutrient intake. So, at the initial stage, wheat will need nitrogen, but in a limited amount. As the ears develop and additional stems form, nitrogen intake increases significantly.

At the same time, at the stage of grain formation, the need for this substance is minimal, since a large amount of nitrogen reduces ripening parameters. At the stage of tillering of the plant and the exit into the tube, it is important to add phosphorus. The element is of great importance for the formation and development of the root system and ears.

Potassium is of great importance for the development of wheat.With a shortage of this substance, it will not be possible to achieve a good harvest, since heading depends on the amount of potassium in the soil. This element increases the resistance of wheat to certain diseases, affects the size of the grains, and accelerates the delivery of carbohydrates to the grains. As a result, they fill up and become larger.

For planting spring wheat, it is necessary to prepare a saturated soil that will ensure optimal root development. It is required to introduce organic matter and minerals into the lands of the central strip and podzolic soils. For a significant increase in yield, it is recommended to use manure and peat compost.

Harvesting Features

It is important to harvest grain correctly. First of all, it is necessary to determine the time of the cleaning work. In this case, it is recommended to focus on the variety of wheat. Harvesting is required at the stage of full ripening of the grains. At the same time, their humidity should be up to 20%.

The correct use of agricultural machinery is of great importance. Most often, the method of direct combining is used for harvesting. This helps to minimize crop losses in adverse weather conditions.

Ways to increase yields

To make wheat more productive, it is recommended to follow these rules:

1. Pay attention to the choice of variety. Recently, the selection has reached a new level. Thanks to this, many unique varieties with high yields were obtained. They are suitable for growing in different climates. Modern varieties give a good harvest, which exceeds 10-12 tons per 1 hectare.
2. Control the phytosanitary condition of the field. To get a good harvest, it is necessary to provide high-quality protection of wheat from weeds, diseases and parasites.
3. Add nutrients. Fertilizers help increase winter wheat yield parameters by 50%. Balanced nutrition ensures optimal plant growth.
4. Use herbicides. An important part of wheat cultivation technology is protection from weeds. This is especially true in autumn. To obtain the desired results, it is required to use special substances - herbicides.
5. Apply fungicides. Such tools help protect wheat crops from pathogens. This has a positive effect on the volume of the crop and its quality. It is worth choosing fungicides taking into account the type of pathogen, the resistance of the variety and weather conditions. Such funds help to cope with septoria, brown rust, powdery mildew, pyrenophorosis, fusariosis of the ear.

Differences between spring and winter

Winter wheat is considered a more productive variety. This parameter is affected by compliance with the timing of planting work and the correct application of mineral fertilizers. The average yield parameters of spring wheat are 1300-1500 kilograms per 1 hectare.At the same time, winter crops can bring up to 5,000 kilograms per 1 hectare of fields.

Wheat yield is an important indicator that depends on many factors. To increase this parameter, it is recommended to provide quality care to the culture.

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