Barley yield per 1 ha: how much can be harvested on average and what factors influence

Barley has been cultivated by people for many years along with wheat. This cereal crop can withstand dry weather and heat up to +40 degrees. At the same time, the seed filling rate remains the same. Barley grains are used as feed for cattle. They are also used to make beer. At the same time, it is important to take into account that many factors affect the yield of barley per 1 ha.

Barley yield per 1 ha

Winter varieties have the highest potential in terms of yield. When growing them, it is possible to collect 60-70 centners per hectare. At the same time, the average productivity of spring crops is 20% lower.

With natural soil fertility, the crop yield in dry weather is 24-36 centners per 1 hectare. In conditions of high humidity, the productivity of the plant increases to 30-42 centners.

Factors affecting yield

The productivity of barley is influenced by a large number of factors. These include weather conditions, fertilization, crop rotation.

Fertilizers

Barley requires mineral fertilizers. The plant needs a lot of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. The effectiveness of the use of top dressing in the cultivation of cereals depends on rainfall.

Yield growth after the use of nitrogen substances is observed in years with high rainfall. At the same time, during the drought period, productivity decreases. Similar patterns take place when using potassium and phosphorus.

Climatic conditions

Good weather is good for any crop, and barley is no exception. Drought, heavy rains, too high or low temperatures often provoke the death of crops. To reduce the negative impact of weather conditions, monitoring and forecasting systems are used.

Crop rotation

To get a good harvest, it is important to follow the rules of crop rotation. Barley is recommended to be planted after peas, potatoes, rape, annual plants. Early legumes are considered the most valuable predecessors. At the same time, early cereals - oats, barley, spring wheat have the least value.

Crop care

Spring barley needs to be planted in early spring - immediately after the snow melts and the soil dries. If you miss a moment, there is a risk of problems with the development of the roots.In addition, the probability of damage to plants by diseases and parasites is high. Even with a delay of 10 days, the yield parameters will decrease by 7-8 centners. In a drought, this figure can be 12 centners.

Winter varieties are recommended to be planted in September. During this period, the maximum germination of plantings is observed.

In order for barley to give a good harvest, it needs to be properly looked after. At the same time, it is recommended to harrow seedlings when a crust appears, feed plantings and fight weeds.

Varieties with high productivity

To get a good harvest of barley, it is important to choose the right variety. Today there are many productive crops of various kinds.

Winter crops

This barley is suitable for regions with mild winters. The most productive varieties include:

1. Selena Star - brings 78 centners from 1 hectare. The height of the stem reaches 1 meter. In this case, the duration of maturation is 285 days. The plant is resistant to disease and grain shattering.
2. Worker - characterized by a high protein content. Yield parameters are 60 centners per 1 hectare. It takes 228 days to mature from the moment the sprouts appear. The plant is drought tolerant.
3. Dobrynya 3 - in favorable conditions, barley yields 99 centners per 1 hectare. The plant reaches 95 centimeters in height. It is resistant to dwarf rust and powdery mildew.

Spring

This type of barley is suitable for making flour and cereals. Popular varieties include:

1. Viscount - is a forage hybrid with a straight hollow stem. The growing season is 73-127 days. From 1 hectare you can get 70 centners of barley.
2. Mamluk - characterized by intensive development and has an average resistance to lodging. The grains are used to make cereals and as forage. With early planting, productivity reaches 68-70 centners per 1 hectare.
3. Duncan is a Canadian variety with a high yield. Barley is characterized by strong stems that provide resistance to overmature and lodging. Yield parameters reach 80 centners per 1 hectare.

Breweries

For the production of beer, varieties are used that are distinguished by high-quality grains. In total, breeders have bred several hundred varieties of such barley. The most productive are:

1. Gin - has a strong stem that reaches 85 centimeters in height. The plant is resistant to climate change. From 1 hectare it is possible to receive up to 90 centners. Ripening occurs after 85 days from the moment the sprouts appear.
2. Consita - the yield of barley is 88 centners per 1 hectare. The variety is resistant to lodging and loose smut.
3. Bios 1 - grows up to 80 centimeters and contains a lot of protein. The plant is disease resistant. From 1 hectare it is possible to collect 49 centners.

How to calculate yield

Under the yield of barley is understood the amount of grain that can be harvested from 1 hectare. This parameter is influenced by a number of factors:

1. Natural and climatic - these include the condition and composition of the soil, the presence of groundwater, temperature, rainfall.
2. Economic - this group includes the cost of grain and fuel. Also, economic factors include the quality of planting material, the fight against parasites, the use of modern equipment.
3. Supplying the farm with fertilizers - to get a great harvest, it is important to add organic matter and minerals.

Today there are many methods for calculating the planned yield. They are based on different indicators, which helps to make reliable forecasts.

Terms and rules of collection

Separate harvesting of barley should be carried out at the stage of wax ripeness. After the windrows have dried, the grains can be threshed. When ripe, the spike stem breaks easily in the plant. During precipitation, the integrity of the stem is also violated. Therefore, delaying harvesting provokes serious crop losses.

To correctly set the timing, you should consider the following parameters:

• grain moisture - no more than 18%;
• dirty straw color;
• hard grains that crackle when bitten;
• brown shade of stem nodes;
• the ability to completely pull the grain out of the spikelets.

To determine the ripeness of the cereal, it is recommended to conduct an eosin test. To do this, it is necessary to cut 20 productive stems at a height of 20-30 centimeters from the ear and place them in a 1% eosin solution for a day.

If during the specified time more than 50% of the spikelets have acquired a pink color, the optimal harvest time will come after 7-10 days. If staining of the stems occurs, the grains must be collected in the next 2-3 days. Even if the stems are not stained, harvesting must begin immediately.

Barley is a popular cereal crop grown by many farmers. At the same time, plant yield parameters depend on many factors - climatic conditions, soil moisture, fertilizer application.

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