Agricultural technology for growing tomatoes in a greenhouse and open field

Tomato farming in greenhouse conditions, in the open field or on a regular windowsill is very simple. There is no need to create complex conditions, it is very easy to care for them. This process is gradually gaining interest.

Choosing tomatoes for growing correctly

If you are going to grow your own tomatoes, plant a variety of varieties. On the windowsill of the house, you can also grow tomatoes, but of special varieties, of a dwarf type. For an excellent harvest, choose varieties that are zoned, adapted to climate-type conditions.

How to grow in open ground

Agrotechnology for growing tomatoes in the open field is also very simple. Often, tomatoes are grown using the seedling method. However, they should first be planted in greenhouses and wait until they become normal in size, and then plant them in open ground. The minimum distance between sprouts is from 10 to 15 centimeters.

There is nothing special about caring for them. It is only necessary to ensure that the temperature does not fluctuate, is normal, and also corresponds to humidity. During the day, the best temperature is 20-25 degrees, and at night from 8 to 10. That's all the conditions for growing tomatoes in the open field.

Growing in greenhouse conditions

Agrotechnology for growing tomatoes in a polycarbonate greenhouse is a bit more complicated. To begin with, tomatoes are planted in a pre-prepared greenhouse facility, where they will, in fact, grow in the future.

Their productivity depends on the quality of planting. It is important to use the correct planting scheme for tomatoes. Glasses where high-quality seedlings are located should be planted in holes to a depth of three to five centimeters. Plants can be overgrown, in which case you can put the stem into the soil to a depth of at least ten centimeters. But you need to dig a ditch. The stem is designed in such a way that additional roots can form on it, which will also feed the plant.

How to care

There are major factors that affect how well seedlings will take root and develop in the future. Let's take a look at some of them.

Temperature

This factor is key in tomato cultivation. In greenhouse conditions, it is desirable that the temperature remains between 22 and 25 degrees, and the soil is warmed up to 15 degrees.If you maintain the temperature regime, then the tomatoes will quickly take new roots and begin to develop rapidly.

Irrigation

Before planting seedlings in the greenhouse, refrain from watering for 2-3 days. When planted, water thoroughly. Be sure to make sure that the roots are in contact with the soil. Otherwise, the plant will begin to wilt and be subject to disease. Watering should be done when the topsoil dries out.

Fertilizer

When planting, be sure to pour fertilizer into the holes. 20 g of nitroammophoska containing N16, P16, K16 is perfect as it.

Please note that in no case should the roots touch the granules, otherwise they will get burned. Therefore, they should be mixed with the soil. You need to feed every week, after which be sure to water abundantly.

Pollination

Tomatoes have flowers that can pollinate themselves. To do this, shake the tomatoes a little. This should be done during the day when it is sunny. It is advisable to run bumblebees into the greenhouse, install a hive with them there. Then the fruits will be tied much better.

Growing without seedlings

You can plant tomatoes both in the greenhouse and on the ground without using seedlings. Then, already in the fall, you should start preparing, after plowing the ground.You can start planting as early as April or early May. After planting, you should expect the first shoots when the soil temperature is about 14-15 degrees.

By the way, it is worth trying to add seeds to tomatoes, for example, radish or oats. They can easily get through the bark of the soil. Be sure to add a special top dressing - granular superphosphate.

About fertilizers

Plants should definitely be fed, this will significantly increase their yield. Add "Kemira station wagon" with a frequency of 10-15 days. It is worth diluting it in proportions of 50-70 grams per 10 liters of liquid. One liter should be poured under each bush. In the first few weeks, after the tomatoes have been planted, you need to add slurry, after diluting it in water.

In order for the fruits to ripen faster, you need to lay them out in pre-prepared boxes with their stalks up in 2-3 layers. Be sure to spray the tomatoes using "Kemira Lux" (about 10-12 grams per 10 liters of water). Make sure that the solution does not remain on the foliage, more precisely on its lower part.

If the plants do not have enough sunlight, then you need to provide them with calcium. If suddenly the flowers fall off for no reason, spray the tomatoes using a solution of boric acid, but in a weak concentration, somewhere around 1 gram per liter of water.

How to properly prepare the site and soil

When choosing a site where tomatoes will grow, it is necessary to take into account some factors:

1. The place must be sunny, because tomatoes love the light. So you will be able to get good fruits pretty quickly.
2. Don't plant tomatoes in the same place all the time. You should definitely take breaks for 3-4 years.
3. If fresh manure was used as fertilizer on the site, it is not suitable for planting tomatoes there.
4. In the case of growing tomatoes outdoors, this should be done where the site is slightly elevated so that there is no stagnation or excess moisture.

The soil for planting begins to be prepared closer to autumn. The soil is fertilized with leaf humus and cow dung.The soil should have low acidity, and if vice versa, then the vegetation will occur slowly. Try to understand this indicator before landing. You can increase the level of acidity by planting sorrel or sorrel. You can deoxidize the soil using lime, charcoal or chalk. When the necessary substances are introduced into the soil, it should be dug up well and watered abundantly.

About seedlings

The seedling method is most often used, as it provides maximum productivity. To start planting tomato seedlings, the seeds should be sown as early as the end of March or around the beginning of April. The optimum temperature for sowing seeds is 23-25 degrees. When the seeds germinate, 13-15 degrees is enough. When the first leaf appears on the sprouts, you can raise the temperature up to 23-26 degrees.

The root system of tomatoes is of the rod type, so the part of the roots that is below should be plucked. Thanks to this, the root system will germinate much better. Picking is carried out only when the first two leaves are formed. Be sure to water them before doing this to make it easier to remove from the container.

You need to get seedlings with a clod of earth, and shorten the root by about a third. Tomatoes must be planted using the 8 by 8 scheme, the approximate normal air humidity is 60 percent.

What diseases are exposed to tomatoes

In general, tomatoes are very resistant, but still, sometimes they are subject to various diseases. It is advisable to carry out prevention so that the bushes remain he althy and calmly develop further. Let's take a look at the diseases your tomatoes can get:

1. The top leaves are beginning to curl. This is due to the fact that the plant is sorely lacking in calcium. To prevent this from happening, it is advisable to feed vegetables with calcium nitrate.
2. The leaves are turning yellow. Try to pluck such leaves.
3. Defeat of fruits with top rot. This disease is manifested by the fact that brown spots form on the fruits due to a lack of calcium. It is solved in the same way as with the first illness.
4. Phytophthora. This is a pretty serious illness. It affects plants during their growing season. Brown spots begin to form on the leaves, the size of which increases very quickly. Something similar happens with stems. In this case, the greenhouse should be ventilated more often, watered less and treated with copper oxychloride solution.
5. Brown spot is an unpleasant fungal disease. It can completely destroy the tomato.It manifests itself in the form of large spots of light yellow color. Gradually, they change color, and a white coating is also formed. To eliminate the problem, you should also ventilate more often and treat with copper chloride.

How to harvest tomatoes

The period when they should be collected is from July to August. Tomatoes are harvested for two, and sometimes even three months. The time when you need to collect tomatoes is influenced by the period when they were planted. Outdoor-grown early tomatoes begin to ripen in early June. If the tomatoes are late-ripening, then they ripen somewhere by the beginning of August. If you are collecting varieties intended for s alting, it is advisable to do this before the first frosts.

When you pluck the fruits, be careful, because they can be accidentally crushed or scratched. Bad fruits are also picked, while unripe fruits remain until they ripen.

Growing tomatoes on the windowsill

There is such a variety of tomatoes as "Balcony Miracle", that's it, it is great for growing tomato seedlings on the balcony of the house. It is famous for small fruits, but with a very pleasant smell as well as taste.

Growing this variety is easy. You need to take the seeds and plant them in a special box where the soil has already been poured. Next, you need to put something on top, for example, glass or polyethylene. Next, you need to water more often as soon as the earth begins to dry. Be sure to place the container with tomatoes in a well-lit place, the temperature should be at room temperature. About once a month, you need to fertilize the tomatoes, make sure that cold air does not get inside.

Already after about 100 days, the tomatoes will begin to ripen, and each bush will bring about one and a half to two kilograms. With a large number of fruits, branches should be tied up, otherwise they may break.

Conclusion

To obtain a good yield, it is important to observe the agricultural practices of growing tomatoes. Use the methods and recommendations we have given to get good results. Be sure to carry out prevention against diseases, feed and process the bushes.

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