Spring garlic: planting, growing and care in the open field, whether to tie

There are two types of garlic: spring and winter. Each of them has individual differences. For winter crops, a characteristic loss of juiciness and useful properties over time, and spring garlic does not change like that. That is why many summer residents prefer this variety and ask themselves: how to grow large summer garlic?

Spring garlic or winter?

Winter garlic is planted in late autumn, and in the spring - on its last dates, it is harvested. Growing a garlic crop does not cause any difficulties, while it gives high yields.For winter varieties that are planted for the winter period, a loss of juiciness is characteristic. This culture will sing by the summer, at the moment when the housewives begin to actively make preparations. By the autumn period, winter garlic dries up.

Summer residents plant spring garlic in the spring, namely in its initial period. These varieties do not differ in large yields, but are characterized by long keeping quality. Useful qualities and characteristics of spring crops are preserved for 12 months.

There are a number of differences between winter crops and spring crops. Winter crops are characterized by:

no more than 10 cloves per bulb;
releasing an arrow with air bulbs necessary for reproduction;
slices arranged in 1 row;
propagated by aerial seeds;
short shelf life.

Spring varieties differ in that:

an onion can have up to 30 cloves;
they have no arrows, the exception is the variety Gulliver;
teeth are arranged in a spiral, while in the central part the sizes decrease;
they breed with teeth;
they have a long shelf life.

With timely planting and proper care, summer garlic is stored until the next harvest.

Pick up time

To get a good harvest of spring garlic, it must be planted in the ground in time. In order for the culture to have the opportunity to develop a full-fledged bulb during the summer period, it should be planted in early spring. These varieties have good frost resistance, so they can be planted without fear of spring frosts.The optimal time for planting is the period when the soil temperature reaches 5 degrees Celsius.

The need for early planting is due to the fact that the plant perfectly develops the root system only at low temperatures and humidity. In the same period, leaves begin to actively form.

If you delay planting, the amount of the crop will be drastically reduced, since at elevated temperatures the root system and leaves slow down their formation due to the development of the bulb. Summer residents have deduced a pattern that the better the leaves and root system are formed before the temperature rises, the larger the bulbs will be. That is why outdoor cultivation of spring garlic requires adherence to planting dates.

Preparing the site for planting

Before asking the question: when to plant spring garlic in the open ground, you need to learn how to prepare a place for planting. This is necessary so that the culture can form full-fledged bulbs. To do this, it is recommended to know a few nuances:

the top layer of the earth is very important for the plant, as its roots are not deep;
the soil should have a neutral level of acidity;
the soil should be enriched with loam and humus;
for a rich harvest, you should choose lighted areas as a planting site that protect the crop from the wind;
if the summer cottage is located in wet areas, the beds should be formed high;
if garlic was previously grown in this place, it should be kept for 5 years before the next planting.

Before planting summer garlic, the place should be prepared in the fall. The first step is to dig up the earth, add humus or compost to it. It is also recommended to add ash, complex mineral fertilizers. The best proportions are considered to be the addition of 10 grams of the composition per 1 square meter.

How to plant spring garlic?

Planting and caring for spring garlic requires following a few rules. After the onset of spring, the soil prepared in advance is loosened, the soil is moistened, and then cloves are placed in it. If the ground is moist enough, you should not add excess water, as garlic does not like it. When the soil is too wet, planting should be delayed until it has reached the desired consistency. If this rule is not observed, garlic planted in moist soil will be susceptible to damage by putrefactive pathologies.

Also, some nuances must be observed when transplanting planting material into the ground:

Sufficient space must be left between crops for the development of the root system and nutrition: a gap of 25-30 centimeters should be observed between the beds, and 8 between the cloves.
The cloves should be positioned so that their upper part does not go deeper than 20 millimeters, otherwise the development of the bulbs may be delayed.
After planting, the breasts are mulched with peat composition, straw and hay, which prevent the formation of a crust, the appearance of weed plants, retains moisture, and this treatment also makes it possible to loosen the ground less often.

Planting spring garlic outdoors is required, sorting small and large cloves. This approach to planting simplifies harvesting and caring for the plant. Also, many summer residents recommend planting large slices separately for bulbs, and small ones for greenery.

Preparation of planting material

To prepare garlic for planting, you need to pay attention to its storage method. If the blanks were stored at room temperature, then the plant crop will have a long growing season, but the bulbs will be round, large, but not fully ripe.

If the cloves have been cold stored, the growing season will be shorter, which will promote faster ripening. In this case, the size of the bulbs will be small.

To get a high yield, garlic is grown with planting material stored in both ways. To do this, it is recommended to follow the instructions:

If the garlic has been stored at room temperature, it should be refrigerated 2 months before planting. It is worth considering that the larger the head, the longer it should lie in the cold.
The bulbs are dismantled before planting at the moment when the lower part has not yet had time to dry.
Only large and solid material is selected for sowing. For this, it is recommended to use only the best large varieties: such material will allow you to get a high yield.
Slices are cleaned of excess husks.

To increase yields, it is recommended to use growth stimulants.

Promotion of seed growth

Growing spring garlic sometimes requires the use of growth promoters for seed. These drugs accelerate the ripening of bulbs, increase yields, and also affect the active growth of roots on the teeth. To stimulate the growth of cloves, you must follow the step-by-step recommendations:

Teeth are placed in water or a weak manganese solution for 2-3 hours.
The material is wrapped in a damp cloth, and then placed in cellophane and refrigerator for 2-3 days. At this time, roots will begin to form and grow.
The resulting material tolerates planting in the ground well if it was carefully removed from cellophane and fabric.

There is another way to stimulate the growth of teeth. Before planting, the teeth can be fertilized. The material is soaked in a slightly warm solution made from 10 liters of water and 5 grams of Nitroammophoska. After using such watering and fertilizers, the cloves can be immediately planted in the ground.

Care

There are several rules for caring for spring garlic that must be followed if you want to get a rich harvest. Before the onset of July, the plant culture needs moisture, as the leaves grow at this moment. If there is not enough moisture, the leaves will begin to dry from the edges.Water the plant when this symptom occurs.

In August, summer garlic should be watered less, as the bulb begins to form. Gradually, watering stops completely. This is due to the fact that excess moisture will slow down the ripening of the bulbs, reduce the amount of nutrients that accumulate in them. Also, excess moisture will affect the shelf life of the crop, significantly reducing it.

The soil should be loosened regularly to provide the crop with oxygen. There are no other instructions for planting care. But many summer residents claim that fed summer garlic gives a greater harvest. Therefore, at different stages of plant development, it is recommended to apply top dressing.

Does the crop need feeding?

Feeding spring garlic is required taking into account the information:

nitrogenous fertilizers are applied during the formation of leaves on the crop, suitable for top dressing: warm solution of bird droppings, herbal infusions, mullein, mineral mixtures;
during the period of leaf formation, in the absence of the necessary fertilizers, you can simply distribute the humus over the beds;
2 weeks after the first top dressing, fertilizer is carried out with a liquid complex composition: during this period, the shooting of spring garlic begins;
no need to fertilize during the period of active ripening of the bulbs.

All fertilizers should be applied with watering. It is forbidden to use fresh manure as a fertilizer, as it can cause the development of crop diseases, reduce the keeping quality of the crop.

The nuances of getting a good harvest

In order for the summer resident to be satisfied with the harvest, he should be aware of several subtleties that allow him to achieve such indicators.One of the most important factors in increasing yields is choosing the right garlic variety. This is due to the fact that the formation of bulbs requires a temperature exceeding 21 degrees, and for ripening - 25. In some regions, this ambient temperature is rare, so you should immediately select varieties that ripen at lower temperatures. Also, under these conditions, it is required to use a fertilizer that stimulates growth.

If the heat in the region does not last long, you can activate the ripening process of the crop if in mid-August the bulbs are slightly removed from the soil or cut off some of the roots. Such manipulation will provoke a violation of the function of the roots, slow down growth, the culture will direct all its forces to the formation and maturation of the bulb. Garlic leaves can be knotted to speed up ripening.

When do you need to knit arrows of garlic in a knot? Such a manipulation with spring garlic is recommended to be done in mid-August.

Many summer residents say: I renew garlic every year. This means that bulbs from the new crop should be used for planting next year. In this case, they should be planted in a different place. You can return to the old garden after 5 years.

Peeling garlic

With proper planting in open ground and care for spring garlic, it will be possible to harvest until mid-September. The signal about the possibility of starting harvesting is the drying of the lower leaves, their acquisition of a yellow tint.

To increase the shelf life of spring garlic, after harvesting, the bulbs should be left in the garden, and then transferred to dry under a canopy or left in the attic. The heads dry in bags or on a horizontal surface. Garlic bundles are also allowed.

Harvested should be stored in a dry, cool room or in a refrigerator or basement. It is absolutely impossible to keep it under the open sun, as this will significantly reduce the shelf life of garlic.

Pests and diseases

There are several diseases that can affect a planted crop under certain environmental conditions. So, high humidity, lack of crop rotation, improper storage of the crop can cause development:

rust;
mold;
bacterial rot;
fusarium.

You can recognize the presence of pathologies by the general symptoms, which are drying of the leaves, the appearance of spots on them, rotting of the foliage and bulbs, too light color of the scales of garlic.

Of the pests, onion fly larvae and nematodes most often affect the garlic culture. In August, spring garlic needs special care, since it is during this period that pests attack it. In the greenhouse, diseases and pests most often appear due to lack of ventilation, high humidity, so every summer resident must prevent the appearance of pathologies in a timely manner and treat them.