Soybean varieties: description and characteristics of species in Russia and in the world with photo and video

When planting a backyard or summer cottage, it is not necessary to give it to one species - potatoes, tomatoes or flowers. It is possible to fill the area with different plants, using a reasonable combination of useful crops. The choice of seeds and seed material based on the collected and processed information will help to avoid the typical mistakes of novice amateur gardeners. And this material will help to understand the variety of varieties of garden soybeans.

Description of the plant

Soybeans are annual herbaceous plants, sometimes referred to as soybeans (cultivated and edible species). It is cultivated everywhere, in different parts of the world. It has the following characteristics that explain its high popularity:

• good yield;
• high percentage of protein;
• microelements and vitamins;
• use as a therapeutic agent (for osteoporosis).

In addition, soybeans are used to prepare various dishes (and as a substitute for meat or milk), they are also fed to animals.

Early varieties of soybeans

Not surprisingly, 9 out of 10 cases, when choosing a variety, preference will be given to early. Early planting and maturation ensure that the land is freed up for sowing with another crop, which means that it increases the efficiency of using the allotment.

One of the most ultra-early varieties - Bilyavka - matures in about 80 days, rising to a height of almost a meter and bringing large, densely structured beans.The next variety - Annushka - ripens in 85 days, grows to a level of 110 centimeters. Anastasia is distinguished by increased productivity, beans of this species grow in 95 days (sometimes earlier). Of the other early varieties, agronomists know Alliance, Sandra, Smuglyanka and Mavka.

High-yielding soybeans

High-yielding, that is, especially abundantly fruiting, varieties form a separate category - by planting them, farmers will receive a guaranteed stable result in the form of a large number of large, strong beans. It is important that through the efforts of breeders, these species have acquired another indicator - unpretentiousness in cultivation. These varieties include:

• Wilana;
• Lyra;
• Slavia;
• Chara.

Important. The yield potential of soybeans is from 2 to 5.7 tons per hectare, each seed will contain up to 40% protein and 23% oil. The height of the stems of an adult plant is on average about 140 centimeters, the rows of lower beans begin at a level of 14-15 centimeters from the ground.

Soybean varieties in Russia

Unfortunately, not all soybeans grow on the territory of the Russian Federation due to the large variation in climatic zones and regions. At the same time, there are species that perfectly retain their characteristics in the conditions of central Russia. These are Amur varieties, Oressa, as well as Annushka, Vilana, Lancetnaya, Belgorodskaya.

Russian soybeans are bred by specialized centers (there are about 15 of them), they develop species for the Far East, Siberia, the Urals, and the northern regions. The description of the whole variety of created varieties will take too long a period of time, these include Lira with a vegetative period of up to 96 days, high-yielding Vilana, as well as Lika and Chara (up to 3 tons of beans per hectare) that exceed it in this indicator.

In the Krasnodar Territory and the Caucasus region, a variety of Lira beans is perfectly acclimatized: full ripening occurs in 90-100 days, the plant is not sensitive to lack of heat, resists drought well.

Beans with a characteristic yellow color reach maturity in mid-August, and are almost immune to common diseases of similar crops.

In the Far East, early ripening Sauer-1 and Samer-3 are grown, their seeds have a large amount of protein, they can remain on the stem for up to 25 days. There are specially bred early legumes that are not susceptible to lodging and pests, which increase the scope of soybeans, from food varieties to fodder, for animal rearing and processing on an industrial scale.

Such a wide selection allows you to find your "necessary" type, with obviously defined indicators and guaranteed yields.

Which variety of soybean is better to choose?

The choice of a particular variety is related to several factors:

1. Climatic zone where the crop will be grown.
2. Yield requirement (medium, high, doesn't matter).
3. Growing season.
4. Additional terms.

According to the first indicator, the spread is large - from the Rostov region, the Caucasus, with their relatively mild climate, to Siberia and the Urals, which are characterized by cold winters and not very hot summers. Modern types of beans (Altom or SibNIIK 315) comfortably take root in the southern part of the West Siberian region, besides, they belong to the early ones.

The ability to bear fruit (yield) is not always combined with frost resistance or taste, it is no coincidence that this indicator is a separate item. High-yielding varieties (Annushka) often have good disease resistance and are among the best among hybrid crops.

From early crops, Diona, Harmony or Okskaya are recommended - their vegetation period does not exceed 85 days, species with medium ripeness (Currency, Medea) ripen in 95 days, late ones (Liana, Danae) bear fruit in 110 days.Additional conditions include resistance to drought, the ability to stand for a long time without shedding (up to 25 days), and so on. And taking into account their own preferences, they choose a soybean variety with the required indicators.

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