Aphids on beans: what to process, what to do and how to get rid of, control measures

Leguminous crops are mostly considered food plants and are widely used in agriculture. Beans - the fruits or seeds of these crops - are valuable food products, some leguminous plants are grown as fodder and even ornamental crops. Like any other cultivated vegetation, beans are susceptible to parasites and various diseases. In beans, pests and diseases have long been known, and methods of dealing with them are available and effective.

Bean diseases

Beans, like many crops, are prone to diseases and pests. We list the main ones.

Fusariosis

This fungal pathogen most commonly affects peas and soybeans. The sources of the disease are contaminated soil, vegetation residues and seeds, where protozoan parasites have penetrated. Plants affected by Fusarium are easily removed from the soil, as their roots rot. In addition to the roots, the disease affects the leaves and flowers of legumes, the so-called tracheomycosis wilt occurs.

As a result of the action of the fungus, there is a loss of yield up to 50%, deterioration in the quality of fruits and seeds, loss of seedlings.

Peronosporosis

The disease manifests itself in two forms - diffuse and local. It is clear that during local development, individual parts of the plant, mainly leaves, are exposed to the action of the parasitic fungus. With diffuse spread, the infection even penetrates the seeds, and dark yellow spots appear on the stems, leaves and beans. Diseased, legumes lag behind in growth, yield decreases and foliage dies.

Powdery mildew

This disease is caused by various forms of powdery mildew and is favored by dry weather. Affected plants appear covered with a whitish coating, which includes mycelium, conidium, and other substances from the parasitic source.

Rust

The causative agent is a heterogeneous dioecious obligate parasite - the fungus Uromyces pisi B.D. In the spring, it begins to infect weeds, and from them the wind transfers the disease to legumes. The disease got its name for the orange-brown color of the affected areas. Rust appears on beans in the middle of summer. The spores of the fungus spend the winter in the roots of the weed and begin to infect the shoots again in the spring.

Ascochitosis

Manifested by the presence of dark spots on the stems, leaves and beans of plants. The causative agents are fungi Ascochyta. It develops rapidly during long rainy days. The infection has become widespread in virtually all areas where peas and other legumes are cultivated.

Bean pests

Bean pests can reduce yields and change the taste of agriculture.

Bean and pea aphid

This insect is up to 2.7 mm in size, green to black in color. They are also called beet aphids. They like to eat peas, vetch, lentils. They live in colonies on plants and draw all the juices out of them. This leads to damage to the stems, the fall of flowers and buds, and a decrease in yield. The females lay eggs that can survive the winter and turn back into hungry insects in the spring.

Pea weevil

The larvae of this beetle develop in the seeds of legumes. Belongs to the Coleoptera order and is a bug half a centimeter in size, with short elytra and spotted color. In the spring, the bugs eat the pollen of flowering legumes, after the start of budding, the females lay their eggs on the pods. Harmful larvae emerge from the eggs, which gnaw through the valves and penetrate inside.

Directly in the bean seeds, the larvae eat out the insides, forming a cavity. Often, the beetles that emerged from them remain to winter inside the beans. The material damaged by them has poor germination and is unsuitable for food.

Nodule weevils

A group of bugs with an elongated body and up to 5 mm in size. Winters in the upper layers of the soil on crops of legumes or grass. In spring, they begin to feed on bean shoots, which leads to damage to plants and their weakening. Females leave their eggs on the soil or lower parts of plants. The hatched larvae feed on the roots of legumes. Adult beetles appear in the second part of summer and feed on leaves.

Disease and pest control

To protect legumes from diseases or minimize the effects of infections, the following practices should be followed:

• observe the crop rotation rule, that is, alternate the planting of legumes with other plants (not legumes);
• isolate crops from other perennial beans;
• use disease resistant varieties;
• destroy weeds and crop residues;

• before sowing, treat the seeds with fungicidal drugs (foundazol, TMTD, Maxim, phytosporin-M biofungicide);
• for powdery mildew, spraying is used - with a 1% solution of colloidal sulfur (50 grams per hundred square meters) or ground sulfur (250 grams per hundred square meters);
• for rust and bacteriosis, spray with 1% suspension of Bordeaux liquid (during the period before flowering);
• use mineral fertilizers.

Pest control measures are as follows:

• early sowing (reduces the risk of pests);
• insecticide treatment;
• removal of plants with symptoms of infection;
• The addition of nitrogen and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers helps fight insects;
• seed heat treatment and fumigation.

With proper care and compliance with all plant processing measures, you can get rid of diseases and pests of legumes.

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