Feeding cherries during fruit ripening and after harvest: how to fertilize

Various varieties of cherries are planted not only in the south, but also in the middle latitudes. This stone fruit plant is not afraid of drought and heat, but does not tolerate excess moisture, does not like heavy soil, and loves fertile soil. With a lack of nutrients in the soil, the berries are tied a little. Top dressing of cherries helps to increase productivity, increase the size of the fruit. The tree responds well to organic matter, it needs trace elements. If you do not apply fertilizer, the plant develops poorly and begins to be affected by diseases.

Feeding methods

To improve the structure of the soil, which is very demanding for cherries, organic matter is needed. When applying manure, chicken manure, the earth is loosened.

From mineral fertilizers when top dressing the tree receives:

boron and copper;
selenium and sulfur;
manganese and iron;
phosphorus and potassium.

Such components are part of ammonium nitrate, nitroammophoska, superphosphate, urea. Cherry needs nitrogen at the beginning of the growing season.

Subroot

Solutions and dry fertilizers are used for top dressing. They are introduced into the near-trunk circle of the tree, but before that, the earth is necessarily loosened and watered near the cherry. A young plant or seedling needs about 3 buckets of water, an adult up to 60 liters.

When moisture is absorbed, dry fertilizers are applied at a distance of 0.5-3.5 m from the trunk, which are simply scattered over the surface and covered with a rake. Liquid solutions are poured onto the soil. With such top dressing, cherries receive a large amount of nutrients.

Foliar

The branches, leaves and trunk of seedlings of three and four years of age are sprayed with fertilizers, and the root circle is also treated with a liquid solution. The procedure is started on a cloudy day, early in the morning or in the evening. Eyes are protected with goggles, hands with rubber gloves, breathing paths with a respirator. Cherries are processed using a sprayer.

You should try not to overdo it with fertilizer for top dressing, as their excess leads to:

to fall leaves;
shedding of the ovary;
to the development of chlorosis.

The tree is sick with a lack of zinc and a glut of nitrogen or potassium. Cherries are fed with green manure, which are sown in tree trunks, and then mowed and planted at a shallow depth near the plant. Mustard, vetch, rye, peas are planted on a plot where a garden is laid out by the next year.

Terms and rates of fertilization

Young trees need less micro and macronutrients than mature cherries. If they are properly fed when planting in the ground, it is no longer necessary to fertilize either in the summer or in the autumn of the same year. Potassium chloride - 25 g and superphosphate 40 are added to the pit prepared for the plant, after watering the ground. Substances fall asleep by mixing humus with soil and humus.

After planting cherries, in addition to mineral fertilizers, you can also add organic matter in the form of 1 kg of ash and 3 rotted manure. The amount of these substances used in feeding should also not exceed the norm.

Spring

While the trees are sleeping, and the buds have not blossomed, they resort to spraying Bordeaux liquid. For its preparation, 300 g of copper sulfate and lime are dissolved in a bucket of water. This procedure helps to prevent the reproduction of fungi, saturates the trees with one of the most important trace elements for growth and development.

The feeding scheme for the spring period is drawn up taking into account the age of the plant. Before the appearance of flowers, 2-4-year-old cherries are sprayed with a solution of urea. To do this, a matchbox of granules is stirred in a bucket of water. Fertilizer containing nitrogen is applied under the roots.

Adult cherries need top dressing three times in the spring. The first time is sprayed with urea. The substance is taken in the same concentration as for young plants. Ammonium nitrate is embedded in the trunk circle.

When the cherry blossoms, fertilizer is prepared for top dressing. A liter of mullein and 2 cups of ash are stirred in 10 liters of water. One bucket is poured under a tree up to 7 years old, under an older cherry - 20-30 liters of nutrient fluid.

So that the ovary does not crumble, after 2 weeks the roots are fed with a solution for the preparation of which is taken:

35g superphosphate;
potassium sulfate spoon;
10 liters of water.

You can not use such substances in large doses, because this will not increase the yield, besides, you can harm the plant.

The berries will taste better if you spray the cherries with succinic acid, which only needs a third of a gram per bucket of water to feed.

In order for garden trees to please the harvest of fruits, it is necessary:

Check soil acidity.
Apply fertilizer to moist soil.
During flowering, attract bees with honey.

If white spots appear on the surface of the earth, ash or lime is added to the near-trunk circle. Acid is added to alkaline soil for top dressing - citric, acetic, malic.

Summer

Seedlings and young trees do not need to be fertilized either in July or August. For infertile cherries, those nutrients that are present in the soil are sufficient. Plants on which berries are already tied are fed in early summer. Nitroammophoska is introduced into the trunk circle, one and a half tablespoons of the substance are dissolved in a bucket of water.

In August, the trees are fertilized with superphosphate, using 25 g of powder per 10 liters of liquid. You can replace the mineral remedy with 2 cups of ash. Proper top dressing at the end of summer helps to lay buds for next year.

Autumn

To restore the depleted land, to help cherries to endure winter frosts normally, after fruit ripening, fertilizers are necessarily applied, trees are pruned. In the near-stem circle of plants up to 4 years old, pour a bucket of water mixed with 25 g of potassium sulfate.

In September and until the end of October, 3 or 4 kilograms of humus are applied to a depth of 15 cm, but top dressing is done not every autumn, but every 3 years.

Trees that are already bearing fruit are fertilized with superphosphate. One cherry is enough 300 g of granules of the substance. Pour ash under the plant at the rate of a glass per 10 liters of water. Once every few years, up to 4 buckets of compost are planted in the near-trunk circle to a depth of 20 cm.

For the winter, after the first slight frost, cherries are sprayed with a solution of urea.

Seven-year-old plants and older in October are fed with superphosphate in an amount of no more than half a kilogram, about a glass of potassium chloride is added to the ground. Cherries need such top dressing every 3 years. Every autumn, the trees are sprayed with urea and watered abundantly, using up to 10 liters of liquid per adult plant.

Special Cherry Care

Summer residents and owners of suburban areas who take care of stone fruit crops, do not forget about top dressing, can count on a harvest of tasty and large berries. Trees need moisture, nutrients, pest control, disease prevention and annual pruning.

When planting seedlings

In order for a young tree to take root and begin to develop, a hole is prepared in the fall, into which they are poured:

rotted manure - 2 buckets;
potassium s alt - 1 spoon;
wood ash - 1 kg;
superphosphate - 2 tbsp. l.

Seedlings need more moisture than adults. In dry weather, they are watered every 2 weeks. The first top dressing for such cherries is needed after 2 years, they have enough nutrients that were introduced during planting.

Young trees

Plants that are not yet happy with berries are fertilized with organic matter in the form of compost, manure. Cherries that have already begun to bear fruit are fed at least 3 times during the growing season. Seven-year-old trees need additional minerals in a year.

During flowering

Root top dressing with organic matter of stone fruits is necessary when the buds begin to open. A bucket of water is poured under a young tree, in which a kilogram of mullein is dissolved; for plants older than 7 years, the amount of the substance is doubled.

At fruiting and after harvest

To increase the yield, cherries are fed with fertilizers containing potassium and phosphorus. In autumn, superphosphate and ash are added. This contributes to the enlargement of the berries. After the first frost, the trees are sprayed with a solution of carbamide. In order for a young cherry to overwinter normally, it is poured with 5 buckets of water, an adult will need at least 100 liters.

Features of feeding old tree

So that dried branches do not draw out juices, stone fruit crops after 7 years are often pruned. It also helps rejuvenate the plant. The rate of fertilizer application is affected by the fertility of the soil, the condition of the tree. Cherries over 12 years old need up to 60 kg, and after 20 - almost 80 humus.

For top dressing, the required amount of superphosphate increases, they also need more ammonium nitrate than young plants. Root feeding is carried out every 3 years.

Types and characteristics of funds

Cherries need both organic and mineral fertilizers. They are applied to the soil after watering. Some are preferred in the spring, while others are best for feeding during the fall months or during flowering.

Urea

In order for the plant to gain green mass faster, urea is used. The substance, which is produced in the form of granules, is dissolved in water and trees are sprayed with it. For root dressing, carbamide or urea is combined with potassium s alt. For one young cherry, from 50 g of fertilizer is used, for an old plant - up to 300.

To prevent coccomycosis caused by pathogenic fungi, 30 grams of the substance is stirred in a bucket of water. Trees are processed with this compound in autumn.

Superphosphate

Mineral fertilizer that promotes rejuvenation of stone fruit crops, participates in the formation of roots, improves the taste of berries, contains phosphorus. With a lack of this trace element, the leaves become purple in color, covered with yellow spots. Superphosphate when top dressing goes well with nitrogen. It needs no more than 150 g per square meter.

Potash fertilizers

To accelerate growth, improve the development of the root system, increase resistance to frost and drought, cherry trees are fed with potassium chloride. The fertilizer, which is produced in granules, has a positive effect on the taste of berries, helps to increase yields.

To strengthen the immunity of garden plants, facilitate the intake of nutrients, potassium s alt is used for top dressing. For an adult cherry, 100 g of the substance is enough, for a seedling - up to 40.

Ammonium nitrate

Instead of urea, fertilizer is sometimes applied under the tree, in which nitrogen is present. Thanks to top dressing with such a tool, the taste of berries improves, and the growth of green mass is accelerated. Ammonium nitrate is applied under the seedling in the amount of 150 g, for adult cherries, the dosage is doubled.

Compost

Organic fertilizers are used when it is necessary to improve the structure of depleted soil, saturate it with nutrients. Gardeners prepare their own compost for top dressing. To do this, peat is poured into the container, leaves, tops are placed on top and watered with chicken manure diluted in water in a ratio of 1 to 20. After 10 days, add to the soil mixture:

superphosphate - 1 kg;
copper sulfate - glass;
ammonium nitrate - 400g

The earth is poured on top, covered with a film. For top dressing, half a bucket of compost is brought under the seedling, an adult cherry needs up to 30 kg.

Ash

You can increase the resistance of trees to frost, normalize the water balance, and saturate the soil with microelements if you use organic fertilizer such as ash. Substance rich:

calcium;
magnesium;
iron;
zinc.

The product is used for application to the ground and for foliar top dressing. Thanks to the ash in plants, metabolic processes are accelerated.

Lime

Cherries do not like acidic soil. A tree planted in such a plot does not develop well, does not please with sweet berries. Lime is used to change the composition of the soil. In addition, the tool strengthens the roots of plants, saturates the earth with potassium. The substance is introduced every 5 years.

To prevent coccomycosis, mix 2 kg of lime in a bucket of water, add 300 g of copper sulfate. Tree trunks are whitewashed with a solution.

Dolomite

To improve the composition of the soil, reduce acidity, saturate the earth with microelements in the form of nitrogen, magnesium, phosphorus, along with lime, dolomite flour is used for top dressing.The substance is applied to the soil in any season at 600 g per sq. meter. The tool promotes the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, negatively affects the pests of horticultural crops.

Mineral solutions

Spring cherries are fertilized using the foliar method. To do this, prepare weak compositions and spray the crown of trees. Leaves quickly absorb mineral mixtures, which contributes to the growth of shoots, improved flowering.

Calcium and copper, present in Bordeaux liquid, prevent the reproduction of fungi, protect against insects. Thanks to fertilizing with manganese, the yield increases, the amount of sugar in the berries increases.

Zinc prevents the development of diseases, has a beneficial effect on stone fruits.