Severyanka pear: description and characteristics of the variety, types and cultivation with photos

The name of the pear is not accidental, Severyanka is a frost-resistant hybrid intended for northern regions with a cold climate. The form is old, well-known. The Severyanka pear was included in the state register back in 1965. The author is P. N. Yakovlev, an employee of the All-Russian Research Institute named after I. V. Michurin. Parental forms of Koperechka Michurinskaya No. 12 x Clapp's Favorite were used in the work.

Description and full characteristics of the Severyanka pear

The variety has not lost its relevance. Now the Severyanka pear is popular with gardeners in the Urals. You can meet her in Siberian gardens and in the Far East. The fruits have a universal purpose, a list of the main characteristics:

below average size;
weight 80 g;
blunt-conical shape;
the main color of the ripe fruit is yellow, integumentary, pale pink, blurry;
pulp color cream;
the taste is satisfactory, the juiciness is high;
pulp is crispy, dense.

Tree height

The wide pyramidal crown is formed by strong branches of medium thickness, covered with a smooth gray bark. Adult specimens reach 5-6 meters in height, the hybrid belongs to the group of medium-sized plants. The leaves are glossy, dark - green, serrated along the edge. The flowers are pure white. There can be more than 5 of them in one inflorescence.

Lifespan

By planting a Severyanka pear variety in your garden, you can count on long-term fruiting. The lifespan of a pear is 35 to 60 years.

Pollinators

Pear self-fertility is low. In the absence of pollinating varieties in the garden, it sets only 35% of the fruits. According to gardeners, the best pollinator for Severyanka is the old variety of Pamyat Yakovlev.

Cyclical fruiting

The form has no periodicity of fruiting. The northerner gives the first crop at the age of 3-4 years, does not rest, blooms and bears fruit every year.

Yields

The average yield of an adult Severyanka pear is from 45 to 60 kg. If the weather is favorable, then up to 100 kg of fruit can be harvested from one tree. The highest yields are recorded in pears older than 8 years.

Resistance to environmental conditions and diseases

The variety is resistant to scab pathogens, rarely suffers from fungal diseases. Immunity is reduced after the tree freezes. It is after abnormally cold winters that pests attack the trees. Drought tolerance is not high.

Winter hardiness

The variety is frost-resistant with good recovery ability. Mature trees withstand 50-degree frosts. Such cases were described by gardeners from Ufa. Only young trees suffered from short-term 50 °С frosts. In winters, when frosts were over 40 ° C for a long time, the above-ground part of the trees froze a lot, but recovered quickly.

Varieties

At first, the hybrid was called Severyanka Yakovleva. Over time, it was reduced, the pear, bred by P.N. Yakovlev, was simply called Severyanka. It was used in selection work. When crossed with another variety, a new form of Severyanka red-cheeked was obtained. Summer variety, fruits ripen in mid-August.

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

For many years, the Severyanka pear has earned a good reputation among gardeners. There are certainly some disadvantages, but the advantages outweigh them.

Frost resistanceLack of moisture affects the size and taste of fruitsRecovers quickly after freezing Ripe pears fall offCompact crown, convenient for harvesting, processing Early ripening Yield

Pros	Cons


Short crop shelf life
Fruits are not subject to long-term transportation

Growing pears

Loamy and sandy soils are more suitable for Severyanka. The groundwater level should be no higher than 2 m. The degree of illumination of the crown affects the quality of the crop.

Timing

Seedlings are planted in spring from April to early May, in autumn - all of October. In warm regions, they prefer to plant Severyanka in the fall.

Technology and agricultural technology

The soil is prepared 7-14 days before planting. A pit measuring 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.6 m is prepared. The fertile layer is mixed with 2-3 buckets of humus, superphosphate and potassium nitrate are added. A stake is driven into the center of the pit.

The earth is poured into the bottom. The seedling is placed on the south side of the support, the roots are straightened along the perimeter of the mound, covered with soil. Control that the root collar was above ground level (5-7 cm). Form a hole, pour 3-4 buckets of water into it.

What is better to grow from

It is easiest to propagate the Severyanka pear with ready-made seedlings bought in a nursery. Experienced gardeners practice propagation by layering, seeds, cuttings.

Distance between trees

The crown of Severyanka is wide, the tree needs a large feeding area and bright lighting. There should be no structures, tall trees at a distance closer than 5 m from the pear trunk.

Tree care

The yield of Severyanka pear directly depends on the quality of care. They process a tree and a near-trunk circle. The soil is loosened, mulched with manure, and weeds are cleared.

The tree is fed, the condition of the crown is monitored, preventive treatments are carried out with copper-containing drugs and fungicides.

Fertilization

An approximate feeding scheme is shown in the table. The working solution is prepared according to the instructions. Fertilizer consumption is carried out based on the size of the crown.

At the beginning of the growing season After flowering Autumn

Ammonium nitrate
Nitroammofoska
Superphosphate + potassium chloride

Irrigation Rules

Lack of moisture affects the taste of the fruit. They become smaller, the pulp becomes hard, not tasty. If there is little rain, then the trees are watered every week. One tree spends as many buckets as it is old.

Rejuvenation

Young trees are given sanitary and formative pruning. With age, the yield decreases, the growth of shoots is absent. To rejuvenate the tree, the crown is made more sparse. First of all, old, damaged branches are cut out. Remove shoots growing inside the crown, twisted. Strong pruning stimulates the growth of young shoots.

Diseases and pests

After a frosty winter, a weakened tree can suffer a bacterial fire. The immunity of Severyanka is wonderful, but the possibility of scab, fruit rot cannot be 100% excluded. Of the pests, it is worth fearing the invasion:

pear gall midge;
hawthorn butterflies.

The advantage of the hybrid is its resistance to pear gall mite and codling moth.

Harvest and storage of crops

Yellow fruit color is a signal to harvest. All fruits ripen between 10 and 30 August. Their flesh becomes brown and inedible if left on the tree for longer. Ripe fruits crumble, so harvesting begins a week before they are fully ripe. Harvested pears can be stored at temperatures close to 2 °C for up to 2 months.

Which regions is the variety more adapted to?

The variety was entered into the State Register in 1964. The Severyanka pear was recommended for cultivation in Primorsky Krai, Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Altai, Kurgan and Chelyabinsk regions, Bashkiria, Volga-Vyatka and Middle Volga regions.

Severyanka pear is not suitable for industrial cultivation, but it is indispensable in amateur gardens in Siberia, the Far East and the Urals. Care for an adult tree is minimal, and the yield of the Severyanka variety is always on top.