Apple tree Alesya: variety description and characteristics, planting, growing and care with photo

Late-ripening varieties of apple trees in the garden are not given much space, especially in the regions of Siberia and the Urals. There they simply do not have time to ripen during the summer season. But it is imperative to have 1-2 apple trees of the Alesya variety in the garden, as they will provide fragrant fruits for the whole winter. And these are useful substances and vitamins for the human body.

Description and characteristics of the apple tree Alesya

Belarusian breeders have worked hard to create an apple variety with a lot of positive characteristics. A late-ripening look was obtained by crossing such popular varieties of fruit crops as Banana and Belarusian Raspberry.From the parents, the apple tree received everything positive, which concerns both the taste and quality of the fruit, and resistance to the adverse effects of climate, pathogenic microorganisms.

Mature tree size

A distinctive feature of a fruit tree is its short stature.Slowly developing, it reaches 3 meters in adulthood, rarely 4 meters. The trunk of the apple tree is covered with brownish bark, and young shoots are brownish. The crown of the variety is compact, spherical. Due to the average foliage, it is not thickened, it is well blown.

Annual growth

Spurovy krone openwork type is replenished with new shoots weakly. Growth appears slowly. Only by the first year of life it increases by 80-90 centimeters, and in an adult tree by 1 meter.

Frequency of fruiting

The hybrid fruit crop begins to bear fruit in the 4th year of life. With good care, it produces high yields of delicious apples every year.

Yields

To get high yields, you need to graft the variety. It is believed that it is better to use medium-sized types of culture for the Alesya apple variety. Then you can pick apples 20 kilograms per tree.

Tasting evaluation

The description of the fruits of the variety contains such qualities as:

roundness of shape with slight flattening;
medium skin, glossy, yellow color with a bright blush spilled over the entire surface of the apple;
pulp, slightly firm, fine-grained structure;
tastes sweet and sour.

Tasters rate fruits at 4.3 points. With time, the apple becomes tastier, sweeter, and the pulp is looser.

Winter hardiness

The apple tree variety is resistant to low temperatures, so it has become widespread in temperate regions.

If the temperature in winter drops below 30 degrees of cold, then it is necessary to cover the plantings with spruce branches or layers of non-woven material.

Disease resistance

The fruit crop has a gene for immunity to scab and powdery mildew, obtained from the "parents". Infection with other pathogenic fungi and bacteria is possible if the plant is weakened and the culture is carried out incorrectly.

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

The advantage of choosing the Alesya apple variety is that it is a late-ripening crop:

not damaged by frost and spring frosts;
is decorative due to the beautiful crown and low growth of the tree;
stably bears fruit with excellent taste and aroma;
resistant to weather and diseases.

The positive properties of the variety include the fact that the fruits lie well and for a long time with an improvement in taste and aroma until spring. Also, apples do not fall off the tree as they ripen. The variety has no obvious drawbacks, but with improper care, the apple tree can be damaged by pests and diseases.

How to choose the right seedling

The choice of Alesya's varietal apple seedling is carried out taking into account that it is:

1- or 2-year-old without branches or with 2-3 branches sticking out at an angle of 45-90 degrees;
without damage and rot on the bark;
with a strong root system, elastic, moist, no rot.

Suitable medium-sized tree for areas where groundwater occurs at a depth of 2-2.5 meters from the surface. If the soil in the garden is waterlogged, then the apple tree may die.It is better to buy Alesya apple tree seedlings in a nursery. This method of acquisition is more reliable than from the hands of an unknown grower.

Features of landing Alesya

When an apple variety is chosen for cultivation, a place in the garden is selected for the seedling. The site must be suitable for a particular tree. Here, both the parameters of the crown and the features of the soil that the fruit crop prefers are taken into account.

Date and place for landing

Planting apple trees is advised both in autumn and spring. It all depends on the region and climate. The spring procedure takes place early, when the buds have not yet begun to bloom. At the same time, the landing pit is prepared in advance, preferably in the fall. Before October 10, planting of apple trees in the autumn period is completed.

If you don't have time, you will have to place apple seedlings in the ground or basement and leave until spring.

Due to the compactness of the crown and slow growth, Ales' apple tree does not need much space. The landing site should be well lit by the sun, not blown by a cold wind. But the soil should be neutral in acidity, without waterlogging and salinity.

Distance between trees

Planting pits for Alesya apple trees are prepared at a distance of 4-5 meters from each other. Between the rows, the gap is 2.5-3 meters.

Disembarkation technique

Digging a hole is carried out no later than 2-3 weeks before planting. The pulled out upper fertile layer is folded separately, so that later it can be used to fill the pit. And here humus and mineral fertilizers come in handy. After mixing the components of the soil mixture, fill the hole with a depth of 50 centimeters by 2 thirds.

Then in the middle they pour a bucket of humus into a mound. An apple tree seedling is placed in the middle, straightening its roots. Holding the top of the tree, they begin to fill the hole. At the same time, the apple tree is constantly shaken so that the earth lies evenly between the roots. Do not forget about the root neck, which is located 1-2 centimeters above the ground. When dense - at the same level with the surface of the earth.The peg is stuck next to the seedling.

The next step is to compact the soil around the tree. Then a roller is made, denoting the boundaries of the near-trunk circle. At the end, irrigate the hole with 3-5 buckets of water for each.

Tree care

After planting, the gardener's attention is directed to creating a strong skeleton of an apple tree. In addition, soil care in the garden plays an important role.

Cutting and shaping

Although the apple variety Alesya has a spur-type crown, it will still have to be pruned. For a young tree, an operation is needed to form the main skeleton of the tree and regulate subsequent fruiting. The main way to prune a young apple tree is to shorten it. Slightly cutting off part of the length of annual shoots, they achieve branching of the crown, its roundness. It is necessary to shorten the annual growth if it is more than 30 centimeters.If you prune a lot, then the fruiting period will also be delayed.

The adult apple tree Ales only thins out the crown, removing broken, diseased branches, as well as hanging and crossing. The goal of thinning will be to turn growth shoots into fruit-bearing shoots and prevent the death of fruit twigs.

Pollinators

Apple tree needs pollination for better fruit set. It can be done by insects. To do this, you need bees, wasps. But late-ripening apple trees planted nearby will also help out.

Water and fertilize

After planting an apple tree, it is necessary to mulch the near-trunk circle. Thus, they keep both moisture in the soil and the site clean from weeds.

Trees should be watered 4 to 5 times during the summer, adjusting the frequency of irrigation depending on weather conditions.In dry summers, horticultural crops are shed an additional 3 weeks before harvest, around the first half of September. Up to 60-100 liters per square meter are used each time.

When changing mulching, peat or humus is covered with a shovel to a depth of no more than 5-8 centimeters. In addition, you need to fertilize with mullein and bird droppings in the grooves next to the apple tree, dissolving them in water. From mineral fertilizers, the use of phosphorus-potassium compounds is suitable. They are replaced with wood ash, diluting 50 grams in 10 liters of water.

If the grooves are not made, then fertilizer is applied to the entire area of the near-stem circle.

It is necessary to apply nitrogen and potassium fertilizers after the flowering of the apple tree. This helps to enhance vegetative growth and fruit development. In July, they take 15 grams of superphosphate and 7 potassium s alts per bucket of water. Such top dressing leads to better crop formation, accelerated maturation of wood and the laying of fruit buds.Fertilizer application rate - a bucket of top dressing per 2-3 linear meters of furrow.

Diseases and pests

Scab and powdery mildew are rare on the Alesya apple variety. But tree infection is possible:

bacterial burn;
fruit rot;
rust.

Fruit rot fungus causes spoilage of apples, hardening of their pulp. To save the plant, it is necessary to collect damaged fruits, cut out diseased branches. And the tree is better to be sprayed with fungicides.

Darkening of foliage, shoots in early summer is associated with a bacterial burn. The fight against the disease is carried out by cutting branches, treating with a solution of copper sulfate. Antibiotics like Fitolavin are also used.

Aphids can be found on the leaves of an apple tree. If there are many ladybugs in the garden, then they themselves will cope with the parasitic insect. Effective against aphids are solutions of dandelion roots, laundry soap.

Codling moth caterpillars cause great harm to apple trees. You can save the garden from them with insecticides. To destroy butterflies, containers filled with a mixture of water and kerosene are used. In the evening, a light bulb is lit over the banks, then the butterflies fly to the fire and die when they fall into the liquid. To scare away butterflies, you can use naphthalene, which is hung in bags on trees.

Growing in different regions

Apple variety Alesya is distributed throughout Russia, except for the northern regions. Depending on the zoning, it is necessary to organize the care of the culture.

In the suburbs

On the territory of the Moscow region, the variety is grown without problems. Fruits have time to reach technical ripeness. And apples are successfully stored all winter.

In the middle lane

The middle zone of Russia with its wet summers and snowy winters is suitable for planting a late-ripening type of apple tree. No special crop care is required.

In Altai, the Urals and Siberia

Achieving full ripening of apples in these areas is more difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to choose this apple tree for cultivation with this in mind. You also need to carefully prepare the trees for wintering. This includes cover and barrel whitewashing.

Harvesting and storage of crops

Crops of fragrant Alesya apples are harvested in late September - mid-October. At this point, they reach technical maturity, but it takes time to eat them. After a month or two of storage, the taste of apples will improve.

The harvest is stored in wooden boxes at a temperature of 1-3 degrees above 0. Fruit should be regularly inspected, removing rotten and damaged ones.