Propagation of plums: green cuttings and root shoots in summer, autumn and spring

Many gardeners wish to have more plum trees on their plot. This is not surprising - the fruits have medicinal properties and are very tasty. You can grow additional seedlings if you know how to properly propagate a fruitful plum, and successfully choose a growing method. It is equally important to know the timing of the preparation of green, lignified cuttings.

Plum propagation methods

Plums are grown vegetatively: cuttings, root shoots, grafting.

Grafting is a method of grafting grafts onto rootstocks to produce a new variety. As grafts, buds and cuttings are taken. Seedlings quickly begin to bear fruit.

The seed method is used to grow rootstocks. Sowing is carried out in early spring. The preparation starts early. Seeds are stratified up to 6 months. Hatched bones are planted in April. Young rootstocks grow during the season.

Cutting

Experienced gardeners prefer to grow plums from cuttings. This breeding method is considered reliable. They have a high survival rate of plantings, retain varietal qualities.

Green and woody cuttings are suitable for propagation. You can root branches at home and in greenhouse structures.

Green cuttings

Propagation by green cuttings was used in industry when large volumes of seedlings were required. Varieties with a developed root system are ready for this method. The principle of cultivation is the constant irrigation of the leaves in the greenhouse.By autumn, the top watering is canceled, and they proceed to preparation for the winter - hardening.

Root shoots

Propagation by root shoots is a simple method that does not require lengthy preparation, as is the case with cuttings. The right approach guarantees a harvest of fruits for the next year.

Coppies are young plants that sit around the mother tree. They are united by the root system.

You should choose instances away from the mother trunk. Closely growing shoots are fed from the mother, therefore, their underground part is poorly developed, and distant shoots feed autonomously.

The optimal length of the process is up to 50 centimeters.

Before starting work, they inspect the desired escape for integrity, signs of oppression. The optimal time for breeding is April, August.

How is the rooting of cuttings

Lignified cuttings are planted in the substrate in this way:

the third kidney is not visible on the surface, but it is not far deepened either;
that part of the branch that goes into the ground is treated with a growth stimulator - "Kornevin", "Heteroauxin";
cuttings are planted at an angle of 45 degrees;
landing is covered with a film.

Roots are formed on the cut and along the length of the stem. Over time, they die off from the upper part, remain at the end of the stem, they are called basal. It is from them that the formation of the root system takes place.

There is another unique way of rooting in open ground. A lignified cutting is launched into a raw potato. The main thing is that 3 buds should be outside and 3 inside the tuber. The vegetable will release moisture until roots appear.

Green cuttings are planted in steps - 3, in rows - 5, depth - 3 centimeters. The top sheet is on the surface. Landings are covered with a film to create a favorable microclimate.

It is important to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse up to 29 °C. The soil must be moist.

In the interval of 18-30 days, rooting will come. The film is removed during the daytime for optimal oxygen access. About a month later, the cuttings are fed with mineral fertilizers. In autumn, seedlings are prepared for wintering and covered with dry leaves.

Rules for cutting cuttings

Green cuttings are taken from young trees. There must be growth buds.

Lignified cuttings of annual shoots are best prepared in autumn, as annual shoots freeze slightly. Pruning is carried out from the south side of the trunk (it is better to take root). Tools - only sharp (secateurs, knife).

Before cuttings, rejuvenating pruning is done to the mother tree. The mother tree must be he althy and fruitful. Age - from 3 to 10 years old.

You can not take thin branches with undeveloped buds, damaged, crooked shoots, spinning tops. The annual growth is cut into cuttings 40-50 centimeters long, the diameter is 7 millimeters.

Store planting material at a temperature of 2-3 °C.

Optimal timing

Lignified cuttings are harvested in advance and stored in the basement or refrigerator. If stored correctly, they can be kept for up to 3 years.

In autumn, when the tree has accumulated maximum nutrients, is at rest, the material is being cut.

Preparation of cuttings can be in the spring. The main thing here is to have time to make the blank before the buds swell.

Green samples are cut exactly the opposite. The tree must develop intensively. In the summer, in July, preparations can begin.

How to properly plant a shoot

Growth is digging in from all sides. Here it is necessary to correctly determine the main root leading to the mother tree. It is he who must be cut off with a sharp shovel. Do not rush to dig in the ground, treat the mother trunk with garden pitch. Processing will prevent the loss of juice, get rid of infection.

The sprout is dug out along with a clod of earth. If the landing is not carried out immediately, the growth may be in this position for a week. The main thing is to moisturize the root system.

The process of planting a young plant

Plum tree grows well on any soil, but does not tolerate stagnant water. Do not forget when choosing a place to determine the depth of groundwater.The main condition for the location is sunny space, without wind. The shadow has a negative effect on the plum - it gives a lighter shade of leaves, small fruits.

The seat is prepared in the fall, as the ground is frozen in the spring, and the funnel must stand for at least 2 weeks before planting. The depth of the pit is 0.5 meters. The diameter is chosen so that the root system is comfortably located, usually 0.7 meters. Attach a peg to the center. The land is used only fertile. Therefore, it is left around the seat. With more young trees, it is worth maintaining a distance of 3 meters between the funnels.

A seedling is dug up from its site before planting, preferably with a clod of earth. This is another secret to quickly rooting in a new place.

Purchased copy, purchased in the fall, dug into the ground. Covered with spruce branches, snow is added in winter.

As soon as the buds swelled, planting time came:

The sapling is installed on the north side of the peg. Carefully spread the roots along the bottom.
They fall asleep with fertile soil.
The neck is left 5 centimeters above the soil level.
The earth is being rammed.
4 buckets of water are slowly poured under each seedling.
Peat or humus is laid on top.

A layer of mulch will keep moisture in and keep weeds away.

When can rooted plum cuttings be transplanted

The time for planting cuttings in open ground is autumn or spring. There is only one pattern - the survival rate of trees is better in spring.

Spring begins at different times in different regions. The best guideline for planting is soil temperature. The earth should warm up to 8-12 °C.

Cuttings grown at home should be hardened 2-3 weeks before planting. First take out in the daytime on the terrace, balcony. Every day, the time of "walks" is increased, up to disembarkation.

Cuttings grown in a greenhouse also require hardening. In the first decade of September, the film is slightly opened in the daytime. Every day the duration of walks increases. By the end of the week, the ends of the greenhouse are opened for the night.

After 2 weeks, the shelter is completely removed. The starting point will be the first "walk".

In the spring, loose soil is prepared, where seedlings will be planted. Plantings are taken care of throughout the season: watered, weed removed, fed.

For the second spring, the young tree is transplanted to a permanent place.