Pear Smart Efimova: variety description and yield, planting and care with photo

Pear variety Elegant Efimova gives fruits of extraordinary beauty. These fruits are like plastic props - perfect, without a single flaw. However, no tricks are needed to grow them. It's just that kind. Fruits do not spoil for a long time, insects and diseases do not touch them. Elegant Efimova is the most environmentally friendly variety of very tasty and beautiful pears.

History of selection and breeding region

Smart Efimova is a new variety that appeared in the thirties of the last century. Its discoverer is the breeder V. A. Efimov. This fruit was created thanks to Clapp's Favorite and Tonkovetka.Harvest can be harvested in early autumn. This feature is important for the Central region of Russia, for which this variety was invented. Fruits have taken root perfectly in Moldova, Ukraine, as well as in Kazakhstan and Estonia. They are in no way inferior in taste to everyone's favorite holiday pears.

Description and characteristics of the pear Elegant Efimova

The fruits of this variety have a sweet taste, and their presentation is preserved for a long time. True, he has an average precocity. Elegant Efimova bears fruit in the seventh year. After that, it annually gives a good harvest (40 kilograms per tree).

Tree

Smart Efimova grows up to five meters in height. The density of the crown is medium. Grows very fast. The main branches depart from the trunk at an angle of thirty degrees. The bark is smooth and grey. Shoots are straight and brown. The leaves are large, oblong, with serrated edges. In color - green, with a smooth, glossy surface and well-marked yellowish veins.

Flowers small, white, fragrant. The flower petals are oval in shape. First, the lower flowers open, and later the upper ones. Non-simultaneous flowering helps the tree survive sudden spring frosts and give a good harvest. Some flowers survive after zero temperatures.

Fruits

Medium-sized fruits can weigh 100, and sometimes 140-175 grams. They have an elongated pear shape. The skin of the fruit is smooth, with noticeable subcutaneous dots.

Fruits are green at first, but as they ripen, they turn yellow and turn purple on top.

When fully ripe, the color of the fruit is 95 percent burgundy. The calyx does not fall off, red dots are visible on the yellowish-green skin near it. Inside are large dark brown seeds.

The flesh of the fruit is creamy. It is semi-oily and dense, but at the same time tender and juicy. The taste is sweet and sour, but a little tart.

Pros and cons of the variety

The variety has its strengths and weaknesses. It is advisable to grow pears for sale. They retain an attractive presentation for a long time. In addition, they have excellent taste characteristics.

Pros:

winter hardiness;
high yield;
stable fruiting.

Cons:

begins to bear fruit too late;
it's hard to know when to pick fruit.

Features of landing operations

Like all pears, Elegant Efimova loves light and warmth. It is better to plant trees on the south side of the site, in clearings closed from the wind.

Choosing a seat

Smart Efimova loves a lot of sunlight. It is undesirable to plant it in the shade of other trees. It will not be able to fully develop, and the fruits will be sour and tasteless. If the groundwater level is too high, drain the soil before planting. It is better to plant a tree on a small hill. Too flooded soil leads to the death of the tree.

The tree does well in poor soil. It is preferable to plant a pear on black soil. Loamy and sandy soil is suitable for planting. True, fertilizer will need to be applied under the roots. The acidity of the soil should be medium.

Pick up time

Smart Efimov can be planted in spring or autumn. Spring planting is preferred for cold regions. When there is a steady positive temperature outside, and buds have not yet blossomed on other trees, a pear can be planted in the ground.In countries with a warm climate, Elegant Efimova is planted in the fall. Usually - 14 days before the onset of frost.

Selection of seedlings

It is better to buy seedlings in nurseries, along with a certificate. The age of the planting plant is 1 or 2 years. Young trees should have a well-developed root system.

A graft should be visible 10 centimeters from the root collar of a he althy varietal seedling.

Too large trees do not take root well. It is better to take seedlings up to 1.5 meters in height, which are in the package. Subsequently, the tree can be planted in open ground along with an earthen clod. The roots in this case will not be injured.

Correct fit

Before planting, a foundation pit must be made 14 days in advance. Size - 1 meter wide and 75 centimeters deep. The soil must have time to settle. Before planting, the roots of the tree are immersed in water with the addition of a fertilizer such as potassium humate (2 tablespoons per 10 liters of liquid).

You need to prepare the ground, which will sprinkle the roots. To it you need to add 1 bucket of humus, half a kilogram of ash or 100 grams of potassium sulfide, 100 grams of superphosphate. If the soil is acidic, half a kilogram of lime is added to it. Sandy soil before planting is fertilized with 2 buckets of humus and 10 kilograms of clay.

How the planting happens: fertilized soil is poured into the bottom of the hole, a tree is lowered from above and covered with earth up to the root collar. After planting, 2 buckets of water are poured under the roots.

The yield of this variety depends on the correct planting not only of the Smart Efimova herself, but also on the trees that will be nearby. The following types of pears should be planted in one area: Marble, Lyubimitsa Yakovlev, Bessemyanka.

Features of plant care

Smart Efimova needs care. If you take care of the tree, cut off extra branches in time, water it in dry weather, it will give a good harvest.

Water and loosening

In dry weather, the tree needs additional watering. The number of waterings per week - 3 times. If the weather is normal, Smart Efimov can be topped up once every 7 days. Do not allow the earth to dry out at the time of flowering and blooming buds. It is during this period that the formation of ovaries occurs. Lack of water may subsequently affect yields.

The earth near the tree needs to be loosened. The soil should not be too dense. The soil can be made looser by adding a bucket of sand and humus to it. To prevent moisture loss, the soil is mulched with finely chopped hay or straw.

Feeding

After planting in well-fertilized soil, the pear needs additional feeding only in the third year. In spring, the tree requires nitrogen. Ammonium nitrate is added to the soil (2 tablespoons of fertilizer are diluted in 10 liters of water).During flowering and fruit formation, superphosphate is given in the same amount.

If the leaves turn yellow too quickly in summer, it means that the tree lacks magnesium. In September, the land needs to be fertilized with potash and phosphorus fertilizers (one tablespoon of top dressing per 10 liters of liquid). In the spring and before frost, the trees are fertilized with humus. A bucket of dissolved mullein is poured under the roots.

Rejuvenation

The tree grows quickly, its branches form a dense crown, so it must be pruned annually. You need to cut the shoots at the very base, leaving no stumps. Removing excess branches, it is possible to increase productivity. The tree does not waste juices on branches, nourishes the fruits well and gets sick less. It is advisable to cut off old branches from time to time, and leave young side branches. Thus, the tree is rejuvenated. Rejuvenation is carried out every 4 years.

Wintering

This variety tolerates snowy and frosty winters well. It does not need to be additionally wrapped or covered. The exception is young trees that have not yet reached fruiting age. These trees can be tied with straw or reeds.

Diseases and pests

Smart Efimova is resistant to many diseases: scab, pear rust, moniliosis, cancer, bacterial burn. The fruits do not rot or become stained. Pests, such as pear gall mites, also do not touch this variety. This is a huge plus for this type of fruit. Gardeners may not waste time on disease prevention. The tree does not need to be sprayed with chemicals.

Harvesting, storage and use of crops

In the conditions of the Central region, it is best to pick fruits at the end of August and at the beginning of September. Pears are removed from the branches in an unripe state. The main color during this period is green-yellow with a red blush.Fruit must not be allowed to ripen on the branches. If the fruits are overcooked, their flesh becomes too crumbly, watery and tasteless.

After harvesting, it is advisable to let the fruit lie in a cool place for about 14 days. During this period, they will have time to fully ripen. Storage term - no more than 1 month at a temperature of plus 2 degrees. Fruits are eaten raw, added to creams, cakes, pastries, meat dishes. They make desserts, jam, compote, marmalade from them.