Peach propagation: the best ways and rules in summer, spring and autumn

Table Of Contents

Peach breeding features
Peach propagation methods
Which way to choose?
Which varieties should be propagated?

Gardeners have recently become interested in planting exotic trees. They are also engaged in the propagation of garden peach. The fruits have excellent taste. They are grown by seed method and vegetative methods: cuttings, layering, grafting. Each method has positive and negative sides. With little experience, gardeners, by grafting, improve taste, get different fruits from one tree.

Peach breeding features

Peach is a thermophilic plant. The landing site is chosen sunny, protected from the north winds.The culture loves drained land, does not tolerate waterlogged, acidified soils. When choosing a seedling, the region is taken into account. Trees take root better in the area where they are cultivated.

Peach planting is carried out in spring, autumn. In warm regions, seedlings are planted in autumn. They cut the root system, do not touch the ground part. The plant has time to adapt before the onset of frost. In the spring they are actively growing. If the landing was nevertheless carried out in the spring, then breathable material is used, protected from the scorching sun. The soil is kept moist.

Spring planting is carried out on the territory with a long spring. The earth must warm up. The optimum temperature is 12-15 degrees. The crown of the seedlings is cut to 80 centimeters, the side shoots are cut by 1/3, the root system.

After planting, peaches require care: watering, top dressing, crown formation, sanitary pruning. Also pest and disease control. For protection purposes, preventive measures are being taken.

Peach propagation methods

Peach trees are propagated by seed method, vegetatively: by air layering, grafting, orchard peach cuttings.

Seed method

Planting material is taken freshly harvested. Seed germination lasts 1 year. For spring sowing, seed stratification is required within 3 months.

Peach pit is dipped into water. Change the solution every day. After 5 days, the seed is freed from the shell and planted in open ground at a distance of 10 centimeters from the fence, depth - 7. The soil is dug up and fertilized before planting. Plantings are covered with a layer of grass.

Sprouts will appear in the spring. Throughout the season, seedlings are periodically watered, fed, weeds are removed, they fight diseases and pests. A young plant stretches 1.5 meters over the summer, side shoots appear.

In autumn, seedlings are transplanted to a permanent place. Prepare a pit 40x40x40 centimeters. The size guide is the root system of the seedling. A flat plate is driven into the hole. Used as protection against burns.

The bottom is covered with a layer of drainage (15 centimeters): sand, gravel. A layer of fertile soil is covered from above. Straighten the root, sprinkle the trunk to 2/3 of the depth. Spilled with water. As soon as the liquid goes into the ground, the trunk is sprinkled with the next layer. The root neck should protrude 3-4 centimeters above ground level. The bush is watered again, covered with a layer of mulch. Fruits with the seed method will appear in 5-6 years.

Cutting

Reproduction of peach is carried out by green, lignified cuttings. Branches are harvested in the morning, in cloudy weather. Green cuttings are placed immediately in the water. For rooting to be successful, a root formation stimulator is used: honey, heteroauxin, succinic acid.

Sprigs with 3-4 leaves are planted in the substrate so that they stand. The leaves are cut in half. Cover the cuttings with banks. Planted cuttings at home. For successful rooting, the following actions are necessary:

keep in a bright place, keep out of direct sunlight;
keep soil temperature at 18-25 degrees;
keep moist. To do this, pour water into the pan. As soon as rooting occurs, the amount of water in the pan is reduced. The appearance of new leaves will be a signal that the cuttings have taken root;
ventilate cuttings periodically;
keep the substrate moist but not wet.

After rooting, the containers are taken out into the garden and buried in the ground. The landing site should be shaded or "openwork". Cuttings are watered as needed.After 30 days, they are pulled out with a clod of earth and planted in a permanent place. The landing site is prepared in advance: they dig it up and add organic fertilizer.

Inoculation

A positive result of reproduction by vaccination is obtained when certain requirements are met:

take into account the compatibility of the rootstock, scion;
air temperature does not drop below +5 degrees during vaccination;
pick up the maturity of the stock, scion;
stock before grafting should be in a state of sap flow, scion, on the contrary - at rest.

As a stock choose wild plum, felt cherry. Rootstock seedlings are suitable for 1-2 years of age. Cuttings are harvested in autumn, 35-40 centimeters long, with 2-3 buds. The lower part is lowered into water, sand until spring. Storage location - basement.

Successful grafting depends on the bevel cut. The stem is cut at an angle. Can't be corrected. To do this, prepare a sharp knife. The length should be three times the diameter of the cuttings. Scion and rootstock are connected and wrapped with plastic wrap.

After 30 days, the branch is cut off above the graft. The procedure stimulates the growth of the kidneys. As soon as the stalk grows to 20 centimeters, the bandage is removed.

Air layering

For propagation of peach in the country by air layering, choose a strong branch. Age - 2-3 years, thickness - with a pencil. A copy is selected half lignified. On the selected branch, a layer of bark is cut in the form of a ring. Fruit buds above the cut are removed. Dress the bottle upside down. Pour the substrate: sawdust moss, earth. The incision is placed one third of the bottle from the bottom. The structure is fixed with improvised means.

You should monitor the importance of the substrate, water periodically. As soon as the roots appear, the structure is dismantled and the peach is transplanted to a permanent place.

Which way to choose?

Propagation of peach by seed does not require special skills. Trees grow hardy and disease resistant. The disadvantage is that they do not always inherit maternal traits, the harvest will be in 5-6 years.

When cuttings, peaches enter fruiting earlier (2-3 years), retain maternal characteristics. The downside is the harsh growing requirements.

Vaccination increases yield, improves quality, increases fruit size. One tree bears fruit with different species and fruits. Rare varieties are also preserved. The disadvantage is the high requirements for the selection of scion and rootstock.

The layering method allows you to get fruits in 3-4 years, does not require special skills.

The choice of breeding method is influenced by factors: preservation of maternal characteristics, obtaining a quick harvest, growing several species on one tree, excellent taste.

Which varieties should be propagated?

Preference is given to released varieties.

Belgorod and Dneprovsky varieties are famous in Central Russia.
The Juicy, Reliable, White variety has taken root in the southern regions.
Among early maturing varieties, low, sprawling trees are popular: White Swan, Redhaven.
Mid-season varieties: Collins, Golden Moscow, Sibiryak, Kremlevsky.
Among the columnar peaches, the variety Golden Triumph, Anniversary of the capital is propagated.