Walnut varieties: 20 best views with description and characteristics + photo

Varieties of beloved walnuts differ from each other in terms of ripening, weight of fruits, peel strength and other features. It seemed that breeders would not be able to diversify this plant too much, but such conclusions turned out to be hasty. Now nuts are successfully grown not only in the south, but also in the middle lane. The abundance of varieties allows gardeners to choose a plant for their individual needs and requests.

Walnut description

Walnut is a large deciduous tree with well developed roots. The fruits are formed in the form of dry drupes. When ripe, they dry out and crack. The size and shape of the nuts depend on the varietal characteristics of the tree.

Walnut refers to heat- and moisture-loving crops that fully develop and produce crops only in warm climatic conditions. The soil is preferably selected with good moisture permeability. In the climate of the middle lane, not all varieties of walnuts are able to ripen, so when choosing a seedling for a site, it is necessary to study its characteristics and ripening time.

Now breeders have already developed many varieties with increased frost resistance, improved taste characteristics, immunity to diseases.

Best varieties

Walnuts have been grown in the gardens of both amateur and professional farmers for a long time. From their personal experience, it was possible to identify those varieties that are most worthy of attention.

Dawn of the East

An early species intended for cultivation in the Krasnodar Territory. The first harvest is taken 3.5-4 years after planting the seedling on the site. Full ripening occurs in the last ten days of September. Nuts are not large, weighing up to 10 g. Up to 24 kg of crop is harvested from each adult tree. Cold hardiness and disease resistance are average.

Recognized as the best walnut for growing in amateur gardens of the Kuban.

Sleek

Walnut with medium early fruit ripening. Ripening begins in mid-September. The tree grows up to 5 m up, is characterized by a powerful crown. The first harvest is enjoyed 4-5 years after planting the seedling. The fruits are large, weighing up to 13 g, with a thin shell. Up to 23 kg of fruits are harvested from each plant. Successfully grown by farmers on an industrial scale, has increased drought tolerance and immunity.

Walnut Five Year Plan

This variety is new and is still being tested. Distinctive features are increased winter hardiness and productivity. Under conditions of industrial cultivation, it shows good resistance to diseases. The type of formation of the ovaries is apical-lateral, the first fruits are removed 3.5-4 years after planting the seedling. Harvesting takes place at the end of September. Up to 21 kg of nuts are removed from each plant. The mass of each of them reaches 9 g. The variety is suitable for cultivation in the Kuban.

Breeder

The variety is oriented to growing in the southern climate. Differs in stable productivity. Up to 23 kg of nuts are harvested from each tree. The location of the fruit is crown. Not a frost-resistant species, but immunity to diseases and pests is high.

Plentiful

Adult walnut does not exceed 5.5 m in height. The first harvest gives 3-4 years after the planting on the site.The ovaries are formed by brushes, each of which contains 3-8 fruits. The mass of each fruit reaches 11 g. An adult tree gives up to 30 kg of crop per season. Resistance to pathogens is high, not frost-resistant.

Dessert

A vigorous variety with a massive spreading crown. Walnut is characterized by increased drought resistance, but its winter hardiness is below average. Subject to the conditions of agricultural technology, the first harvest is enjoyed 4 years after planting the seedling. The formation of ovaries of the apical type. It is distinguished by excellent taste characteristics and large fruit size, the weight of which reaches 12 g. Up to 23 kg of crop is harvested from each adult tree.

Dwarf

The tree is undersized, its height does not exceed 2.5 m, the crown is compact. The fruits weigh up to 12 g. The shell is durable; when crushed, the core is taken out entirely.The harvest is taken in the 2nd-4th decade of September. Recommended for industrial cultivation. Up to 50 centners of nuts are harvested from 1 hectare. Frost resistance is average.

Ivan Crimson

Short hybrid walnut, the height of which does not exceed 2.5 m. Derived from the popular Ideal variety. Fruiting begins 2 years after planting the seedling. The fruits are tied with brushes. Planting trees is carried out according to the scheme 3 x 3 m. It has good winter hardiness and resistance to pathogens.

Astakhovsky

The variety was recently bred. A distinctive feature is increased resistance to disease. The walnut is winter-hardy. In 2015, he entered the State Register. Recommended for growing in private gardens. The plant tolerates a decrease in temperature indicators to -37 ^{С, easily restores the crown after freezing. The harvest is enjoyed 6 years after planting the seedling. Each tree gives up to 20 kg of fruits per season, each of them weighs up to 25 g.The shell is thin and breaks easily. Taste characteristics are rated as dessert and deserve a mark of 5 points.}

Krasnodar

Walnut passes state test. The height of the tree is large, it has a massive dense crown, which needs to be thinned out. Fruiting begins 4 years after planting the tree. The harvest is enjoyed at the end of September. The weight of the fruit reaches 13 g. The taste and presentation are at a high level. An adult tree gives up to 20 kg of nuts per season.

The variety is characterized by increased drought resistance, not susceptible to fungal diseases.

Favorite Petrosyan

Short-fruited tall variety with a massive crown. Enters fruiting 4 years after planting on the site. Frost resistance is high, flowering is simultaneous bisexual. The process of harvesting fruits falls on the last decade of September.Up to 22 kg of nuts are harvested from each tree per season. Recommended for cultivation in the climatic conditions of the North Caucasus. Has increased drought tolerance.

Pelan

Tree tall, massive, reaching 10 m in height. It begins to give crops 4 years after it has been planted on the site. The harvest period falls on the last decade of September. The fruits are small, with a thin shell. When peeling, the core splits in half. The distinctive features of the variety are drought and frost resistance, as well as resistance to common diseases and pests.

Sadko

Dwarf tree is characterized by excellent cold resistance and stable high yields. The variety is early. The height of an adult nut does not exceed 3.5 m. They feast on the fruits 3 years after planting the seedling.The fruits are small in size, tied with brushes of 8 pieces each.

Bukovina bomb

Tall mid-season variety with a sprawling spherical crown. Fruiting is stable. The mass of one Bukovinian nut reaches 18 g, in rare cases it reaches 30 g. A distinctive feature is increased winter hardiness, good disease resistance. With the seed method of cultivation, varietal properties are transferred perfectly.

Aurora

The height of the tree of this variety exceeds 6 m. It begins to bear fruit 4 years after planting. An adult plant produces up to 25 kg of nuts per season, each of which weighs up to 13 g. Winter hardiness and resistance to pathogens are high. Recommended for cultivation in farms for industrial purposes.

Productive

The harvest of nuts of this variety occurs at the end of September, which allows us to classify it as a mid-season variety.The height of the tree reaches 6 m, the crown is massive, dense. The harvest is regularly harvested from the 4th year of the seedling's life. Each adult plant gives up to 28 kg of small nuts. The shell breaks easily. Frost resistance is excellent, but disease resistance is average.

Giant

The nut was obtained by improving the characteristics of the Ideal variety. Frost resistance indicators remained the same as in the parent species. The height of the tree reaches 7 m, its crown is compact. Often planted not only as a fruit plant, but also as an ornamental. Fruiting occurs 5 years after planting the seedling. Each fruit weighs about 30 g. Up to 100 kg of crop is harvested from each plant.

Memory of Minov

A variety of Belarusian selection, is considered a large-fruited species with an average ripening period. A tree with a massive crown, tall. Male and female inflorescences bloom at the same time. The type of ovary formation is apical. It enters fruiting 4-5 years after planting the tree.The ripening of nuts of the Minov variety falls on the last ten days of September. The fruits weigh up to 19 g. The shell is thin, easily destroyed.

Calarashi

The variety is tall, has a massive dense crown. In wet summer conditions, it suffers from brown spotting. Nuts weigh up to 19 g. When cracking the shell, it is possible to get the whole kernel.

Criteria for variety selection

Each gardener selects a variety of nuts for his needs, growing conditions and climate in the region. There are many criteria that a particular type of tree selected for a particular site must meet.

Winter-hardy varieties

This criterion is decisive when choosing a nut for cultivation in the middle lane. These climatic conditions are considered harsh for a southern plant, therefore not every hybrid is able to take root there even if it has a good shelter.Only a few varieties can meet the increased demands of the changing climate of the middle zone.

Lateral Views

In another way, these varieties of nuts are characterized as those in which the lateral type of fruiting. The lateral view is ideal for the work of breeders. The advantage of such plants is that fruits are able to form not only on the tops of mature shoots, but also on young branches. This ability significantly increases the yield of plants with a lateral type of ovary formation.

Early-bearing

Any gardener who plants a new seedling on his plot wants to enjoy the fruits of his labor as soon as possible. In this case, preference is given to early-growing varieties. Such nuts bear the first fruits already 4 years after planting them in the garden. Productivity, taste and fruit characteristics are at a high level.

Short

Trees of a small height allow not only planting more plants in a small area, but also greatly facilitate the harvesting process. With compact dimensions, they give a good harvest of quality fruits.

For different regions of Russia

In addition to all other characteristics, there are varieties of nuts zoned for a specific region. As a rule, these are the fruits of labor of local breeders. They are genetically based on certain indicators, thanks to which they will be a priority in a given area. This may be increased cold resistance, drought resistance, resistance to certain diseases.

Late varieties

Such varieties can be grown exclusively in regions with a warm climate (for example, the Krasnodar Territory). Otherwise, the crop will not ripen. The advantage of late nuts is good disease resistance, large-fruited, keeping quality of the harvested crop, excellent taste of the fruit. They are generally not precocious.

Other criteria

In addition to the listed criteria for choosing walnut varieties for the garden, there are many more parameters. These could be:

• fruit size;
• method of ovary formation;
• shell thickness;
• spreading crown.

Specific planting and care

Walnuts are planted exclusively in well-lit areas. Suitable for planting any slope, except for the southwestern or southern. In these places, the earth warms up faster in spring, which provokes early awakening and reduces winter hardiness. Planting of seedlings is carried out according to the scheme 8 x 10 m. It is also possible to plant 10 x 12 m. The plant prefers loose soil, with good air permeability.

Walnut care consists in the timely application of fertilizing, irrigation, shaping and sanitary pruning of the crown. It is advisable to mulch the soil in the trunk circle.

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