Ussuri Plum: description of the variety and species, distinctive features, planting and care

Ussuri Plum has proven itself exclusively on the positive side, it is valued for its resistance to adverse environmental factors, sub-zero temperatures. Due to this, this fruit crop can be cultivated everywhere, even in regions with harsh winters. To achieve the highest possible yields from the Ussuri plum, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the rules for planting it and the intricacies of care.

History of breeding Ussuri plum

Primorsky Krai is the birthplace of the Ussuri plum. It is impossible to meet her on the territory of the Far East and China.The culture was discovered by Russian settlers on the ruins of an ancient village in Primorsky Krai. After that, the plant was placed in the country, where the breeding work took place.

Some time later, the Ussuri plum was actively grown in the gardens of the Far East. Through cross-pollination with high-quality forms of Chinese plum, specimens with a high level of adaptation to specific climatic conditions were bred. So the Ussuri plum has become a self-sufficient hybrid with increased frost resistance and productivity.

Characteristics and characteristics of culture

A distinctive feature of the Ussuri plum is its frost resistance, which explains its active use as a material for breeding varieties resistant to low temperatures. Fruits have many useful properties. With their regular use, memory improves, immunity increases, and the risk of a heart attack decreases.In addition, the plum has an antipyretic and wound-healing effect.

Description of the tree

Ussuri plum is characterized as a low plant, but it cannot be classified as a dwarf one. Its height is on average 2.5-3 meters, but there are specimens and 4 meters. The color of the wood of a full-fledged tree is gray or brown. A feature of the Ussuri plum is the rounded shape of the crown, thin and fragile branches that are directed upwards.

There are two types of Ussuri plum:

• With a dense crown, outwardly similar to a cylinder, a pyramid and a panicle.
• With a discharged vase-shaped crown.

The leaf apparatus of the Ussuri plum stands out with a light green color and a smooth surface. The underground part of the plant is quite developed, it is located shallowly - superficially. This feature of the tree works against it - it suffers drought painfully.In addition, when loosening the soil, the roots are often injured, which leads to the formation of overgrowth.

The flowering phase of the Ussuri plum falls in May, before the appearance of the leaf mass. Small snow-white flowers are formed in large numbers, they adorn the entire tree. They are not afraid of frosts up to three degrees.

Taste and appearance of fruits

Ussuri plum fruits can be round, pear-shaped or cone-shaped. The color, depending on the variety, is yellow, purple, dark cherry, light green, and also very dark - black. Consumer characteristics are high, the pulp stands out for its juiciness, sweet and sour taste and slight bitterness, and has many useful properties. Fruit sizes range from 2 to 25 grams.

Pollinators

Ussuri plum is not a self-fertile tree, which requires the placement of pollinating plants with a similar flowering period near it. The best option is the presence of 2-3 varieties of plums on the site, Sand cherry is also suitable.

Fruiting and productivity

Ussuriyskaya plum begins to produce crops already 3-4 years after planting it in a permanent place, when grown from a stone, this period increases by 2 years. The tree gives a stable and plentiful harvest for 20 years, it is possible to collect 15-20 kilograms from one plant. Harvesting should be done a few days before reaching removable maturity, otherwise, when fully ripe, they quickly crumble. The fruits should ripen in a warm room.

Since the Ussuri plum is painfully endures a lack of moisture in the soil, it needs additional moisture in the dry season. The frequency of watering should be 1 time in 10-12 days, taking into account 9-10 liters per planting.

Frost and drought tolerance

The degree of frost resistance of the Ussuri plum is estimated as high. The tree can normally tolerate temperatures down to -40 degrees. The culture, in contrast to the increased winter hardiness, has a low level of drought resistance.

Susceptibility to diseases and pests

Ussuri plum has no particular immunity to major diseases and harmful insects. The plant often affects the codling moth, small aphid, sawfly, leafworm. Of the diseases, it is oppressed by gray rot, clasterosporiasis, coccomycosis, root cancer.

Also, the tree does not have sufficient resistance to soot fungus, rust, fruit rot. To avoid problems in the future, the Ussuri plum must be treated with special agrochemicals and kept in comfortable conditions for it.

Required soil composition

For the normal growth and development of the tree, it is recommended to choose a site with fertile soil and a neutral environment. To correct the level of acidity, reduce it, it is effective to use lime or dolomite flour at the rate of 200 grams per 1 square meter. For better rooting, the soil before planting should be enriched with useful substances: rotted manure, wood ash, superphosphate.

Using fruits

Ussuriysk plum harvest is versatile. It can be used for homemade preparations, and for the preparation of compotes, juice, desserts. The fruits are very palatable when eaten fresh.

How to plant and grow a tree on the site

The best time for planting seedlings is spring, when the soil warms up enough. Work is mainly carried out in April at an air temperature of 8-15 degrees. The landing site should be well lit and protected from through winds.

Ussuriysk plum planting technology provides for:

• Digging a hole 1 meter deep and 80×80 centimeters in size.
• Installing a wooden peg 15-20 centimeters from the center of the pit. Its height should be 1-1.5 meters.
• Placing and sprinkling the roots of the seedling so that the soil layer is 5-7 centimeters lower from the location of the root neck.
• Water the young plant with 2-3 buckets of water.
• Mulching the soil to retain moisture.

In order for the seedling to quickly adapt and grow, when planting it is necessary to spread its roots on different sides. Do not allow them to bend, overlap .

For watering around the tree, you need to form a groove. In order to avoid oxygen starvation of the roots, the soil in the near-stem circle should be loosened after each moistening. Crown formation begins from the second year of plum life.

Feeding before the flowering phase is done with potassium nitrate (30 grams per 10 liters of water). And after the appearance of flowers - with a solution of Zircon (3 grams per 5 liters of water). When the fruiting stage is over, the plum is fed with superphosphate at the rate of 30 grams per 10 liters of water.

The best varieties of the Ussuri plum and their description

Among the popular varieties that are relatively unpretentious in care and high yields, it is worth noting.

Covenant

Plum refers to plants of medium maturity, the growing season is 60 days from the moment of flowering. It is recommended to grow in regions with a temperate climate. Varietal characteristics: the tree is medium-sized (4-5 meters), the crown is wide pyramidal, the color of its shoots is burgundy, the color of the wood is brown.

Round purple fruits have a dense layer of waxy coating. Productivity indicators of the variety reach 60 kilograms per planting.

Festive

This variety attracts attention with lush and abundant flowering. The degree of frost resistance of the tree is at a high level (up to -40 degrees), the yield indicators are almost 20 kilograms (from one planting).Despite the small size of the fruits, their taste is quite pleasant, harmonious, and the aroma is pronounced. Plum Festive enters the fruiting phase 4-5 years after planting in a permanent place.

Ural prunes

The crown of the plant is large, sprawling. The height of the tree is about 2 meters, the yield is high, fruiting is stable. The consumer qualities of the fruits are excellent, the tasting score is 4.6 points. The weight of black and red plums is 12-16 grams. Winter hardiness is good.

Ussuri late

A distinctive feature of the variety are sweet and juicy fruits with a slight sourness. The harvest is in the second half of August. The fruit of the tree forms abundantly, periodically.

The variety shows high productivity when grown on moist and clay soil, it does not tolerate an acidic environment, it gets sick in it and bears little fruit. Low temperature resistance is high.

Ussuri early

The plant is intended for cultivation in regions with a cold climate, where the period of low temperatures is long enough. Its crown is spreading, the fruits are small with yellow flesh and a fibrous structure. There is no bitterness in plums.

Vesta

Mid-ripening Ussuri plum shows itself well when grown in cold regions. Rounded red fruits have a whitish coating. Consumer characteristics are high: the pulp is sweet and juicy, the sourness is not felt, the aroma is pronounced.

Harvesting is carried out at the end of summer. The tree is not afraid of sub-zero temperatures, bears fruit steadily and abundantly.

Golden Field

Two-meter plantation forms a crown in the form of a deep basket. Fruiting occurs every year, the fruit is harvested in August. For pollination, varieties such as Krasny shar, Russian plum, Skoroplodnaya should be next to the Golden Niva.

The color of the pulp and skin is yellow, like a nectarine. Plums differ in juiciness, sweet taste and gentle structure. The bone is easily detachable. Reviews about the variety are mostly positive.

Yolk

The color of the fruit is bright yellow, the shape is round, the top is slightly flattened. The taste characteristics of the variety are excellent: the pulp is sweet and juicy, the aroma is pronounced. The plant is endowed with sufficient immunity in relation to the main ailments and parasitic individuals.

The variety is actively cultivated in regions with severe winters, including the Urals. A landing site should be chosen in well-lit glades, with nutritious soil and neutral acidity.

Ussuri Plum is a great option for regions with a cold climate and frequent temperature changes. Even a novice gardener can grow an abundantly fruitful tree.To get good results, it is enough to follow the basic recommendations for planting, care and give preference to frost-resistant varieties.

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