Types of peanuts: description of varieties and their characteristics, useful and harmful properties

Peanut has beneficial properties for the human body, has many types and varieties. Growing this plant does not require much effort. The culture takes root in a warm climate, does not require diligent watering, it is not picky about the place and soil.

Description of peanuts

Peanuts - an annual plant, reaches a height of 25-45 cm. The maximum height is 70 cm, in some species. It has a stem branched root, straight stems. Long leaves, pinnate, elongated, up to 11 cm long, have a pointed edge. It blooms with yellow-red or white inflorescences. The flowering period falls in mid-summer.The fruits are swollen, oval in shape, there is a nut inside. Refers to leguminous plants.

Nutritional value and composition of peanuts

100 grams of product contains 567 kcal. Of these, 49 grams are assigned to fats, 16 grams to carbohydrates, 26 grams to proteins.

The peanut contains a large amount of fatty acids. The main component of the nut is oil.

Fatty acids that make up the oil:

• arachidic;
• stearic;
• linoleic;
• oleic;
• palmitic;
• myristic;
• cerotinic;
• lignoceric;
• lauric.

In addition to acids, the composition of the nut contains:

• proteins;
• starch;
• sugar;
• amino acids;
• vitamins B, A, E;
• purines;
• glutenins.

The trace elements included in the composition include:

• sodium;
• potassium;
• magnesium;
• iron;
• calcium.

Types and varieties of peanuts

Varieties of peanuts practically do not differ from each other. They differ in fruit size, yield, height.

Virginia

Growing is possible in bunches and shoots. The height reaches no more than 50 centimeters. Pods with fruits are formed 5-10 centimeters from the soil surface. This type of nuts is used for confectionery purposes. It is added to cakes, chocolate, ice cream, s alted peanuts.

The most popular varieties are:

• North Carolina;
• Shulamit;
• Gregory;
• Perry;
• Wilson
• Gull.

Spanish

The founder of other species and varieties. It has long been grown as a main species and has been widely used in all industries. By the middle of the 20th century, it was gradually replaced by more productive varieties, with large peanut fruits. The plant is low - up to 50 cm, the immunity is weak, the yield is average, the nuclei are small, covered with a bright red shell. Currently grown for processing into peanut butter and paste.

The most popular varieties are:

• Dixie Spanish;
• Natural vulgaris;
• Tamspan 90;
• White core;
• Star;
• Comet;
• Argentine.

Runner

The group of these varieties was developed in the 40s of the 20th century. Plants are low, up to 50 centimeters in length. The leaves are elongated, densely arranged. Nuts of this variety are larger in size and have good taste. The yield is high. The most popular varieties are:

• Georgia green;
• Dixie runner;
• Bradford Runner;
• Egyptian giant;
• Fragrant 458;
• Tamran.

Redskin

Characterized by large fruits covered with pink-red skin. Plants reach a height of 1 meter. The leaves are often arranged, the plant is lush. Each pod is tied with three nuts.

Tennessee

Cultivated in the United States, according to its characteristics it is distinguished by large fruits covered with a red-brown color, reaching a height of about 1 meter. There are two types: Texas Red and White varieties. The bulk of the resulting nuts are sent for processing and made into peanut butter.

Useful and harmful properties of peanuts

Peanuts have the following benefits:

• has antioxidant properties;
• improves the functioning of the heart muscle;
• updates old cells;
• improves memory and stimulates the nervous system;
• has a choleretic effect;
• envelops the stomach, useful for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• stimulate thrombopoiesis;
• improves male potency;
• good for hearing;
• saturates the body with energy for a long time, dulls the feeling of hunger;
• promotes weight loss when taken in moderation.

Important! Do not take peanuts if you are allergic to them. This type of allergy is very dangerous and can be fatal.

Nuts are harmful in the following situations:

• A large amount of raw peanuts leads to gastrointestinal disorders.
• For any diseases of the joints, nuts in the diet are recommended to be reduced.
• If you eat a spoiled nut, it will cause serious poisoning, you must carefully examine the fruit before eating.
• Unlimited use of nuts is harmful to the stomach, hard to digest.

Medicinal prescriptions

Peanuts are widely used in folk medicine. Recipes help eliminate the symptoms of certain diseases. Basic Recipes:

1. 100 grams of nuts pour 400 ml of water and boil for 15 minutes. The resulting liquid is drained and taken in the morning on an empty stomach. The decoction will eliminate inflammation in the lungs, has an expectorant effect.
2. 100 grams of nuts, pour 800 ml of water. Boil for 10 minutes, use the decoction along with peanuts. Reduces temperature, helps to overcome colds.
3. A glass of roasted peanuts a day helps with Werlhof disease.
4. Marinated nuts in 6% vinegar without peeling. Insist one day and take 10 pieces a day. Normalizes blood pressure.
5. A handful of fruits are crushed and fried. Mixed with crushed marshmallow. Pour 500 ml of boiled milk.Defend 20 minutes. Pour the mixture into a thermos and insist 10-12 hours. Take 100 ml 3-4 times a day. Helps to cope with prostatitis. Duration of treatment 10 days.

Planting peanuts

To grow peanuts in the garden, it is necessary to correctly zone the varieties for each territory. To increase the number of seedlings, seeds are planted at home in a container, and then transferred to the ground. You can plant seeds directly in open ground, but then fruiting will be later. Seedlings have been prepared since April.

Transplant seedlings into warm soil, seeds germinate at 13°C. A suitable time for this is considered mid-May. Sow nuts in rows, following the pattern of 60 cm between rows and 20 cm between plants. They are buried in the soil to a depth of 7 cm. After being transferred to the ground. The plant is abundantly watered and spud.

Important! For sowing, it is recommended to choose large seeds, peeled. This increases the number of seedlings.

How to care for a plant

An important point is to carry out regular hilling of peanuts. The first time it is carried out 10 days after flowering. Flowering occurs in mid-July, the flower blooms early in the morning and fades in the evening. Watering is carried out depending on the climate.

In dry weather, water every 10-12 days, taking into account rains. Overflowing the soil can destroy the plant, it is necessary to ensure that the earth is constantly moistened. Use droppers for irrigation or warm water. A month before harvesting, watering is completely removed. At least 8 hours of daylight per day is suitable for growing peanuts.

Diseases and pests of crops

The main diseases that affect the bush:

• Powdery mildew. The leaves are covered with white bloom, gradually die off and turn yellow. Prevent development of any fungicide, use according to package directions.
• Phyllostictosis. Brown spots form on the foliage, with a purple border. Use fungicides to control.
• Black spotting. It develops at high humidity, black spots appear on sheet platinum, which slowly grow.
• Fusarium wilt. Manifested by the formation of rot in the roots. The development of the plant stops, parts of the stems slowly die off, the bush dies.
• Grey rot. Most often, the defeat occurs after flowering. Brown spots appear on stems and leaves, fruit formation stops.

Pests that infect the bush:

• Aphids. For prevention, the top layer of soil next to the plant is covered with tobacco dust and ash.
• The click beetle. They penetrate the peanut shell and eat the nut from the inside. For prevention, small holes are dug near the crop and carrots or beets are left in them to lure insects. The pits are covered from above with plywood or a wide board, after the trap is triggered, the insects are destroyed.

Collection and storage conditions

Harvesting begins when the peanuts turn yellow and the fruit comes out of the pods effortlessly. It is important not to delay this moment, as unsuitable weather conditions will destroy the crop. The process takes place in two stages. At the first stage, all plants are collected and shafts are formed from them. Leave to dry for a few days. In the second step, separate the pods from the stems. The fruits are dried at a temperature of 40 ° C, in a room with good aeration.

Store peanuts in the form of pods, husking is done before use. For storage, a room with a constant air temperature of 8-10 ° C is suitable. The fruits are laid out on racks, in layers no thicker than 10 cm, or laid out in cloth bags.

Recommended