Hazelnut varieties: 25 best with descriptions and characteristics, cultivation and care with photos

Hazelnuts are called nuts from the Birch family, among which 20 main species are common. Initially, they grew in coniferous forests, forming an undergrowth. The fruits were distinguished by nutritional properties and excellent taste, thanks to which the plants tried to cultivate and relocate to gardens. Varieties of hazel (hazelnut), presented by breeders on the market, differ not only in seedlings, their size and shape, but also in the characteristics of the fruit, the characteristics of cultivation and care.

General description and characteristics of culture

Cultivated varieties of wild hazel are now called hazelnuts.In height, the bushes reach 6 m, have a wide spreading crown. The color of the leaf plate ranges from green to dark red, due to which the plant is planted as an ornamental. The hazelnut flowering period falls on December-March.

Hazel roots are close to the soil surface, so it needs regular watering and fertilization. The shrub perfectly strengthens loose soil on the slopes, has high frost resistance. For pollination, it is necessary to plant bushes of different varieties nearby, since the plant's own inflorescences are same-sex

Hazelnuts do well in shady areas, but require constant shaping and pruning. When the bush is thickened, the yield indicators drop sharply. After the plant reaches the age of 11 years, anti-aging pruning will also be needed. At the moment, more than a hundred varieties of shrubs have been bred, but not all of them are suitable for cultivation in the middle zone due to the low level of cold resistance.

Hazelnut varieties

Hazel, whose varieties are constantly replenished with new products, has already managed to settle on the plots of domestic gardeners. Based on their feedback, it is possible to establish the most popular varieties of this crop, showing good results when grown.

Trapezund

Georgian variety with high yield. Nuts have a rounded shape, the shell is painted in a dark brown color. In their composition, they contain 72% vegetable fat, weigh only 3 g. Each inflorescence includes up to 6 fruits. The ripening period falls on the last decade of August. Plant height reaches 5 m. Flowering occurs in February-April. Withstands temperatures as low as -32°C.

Caucasus

Early maturing variety with emerald green foliage. Plant height up to 3 m, narrow pyramidal crown, which makes the bush compact.The fruits contain 68% vegetable fat, and weigh up to 3 g. The yield per hectare of plantings is 22 centners of hazelnuts. Grown as a pollinator, suitable for mechanical harvesting of fruits. Hazel is zoned for the North Caucasus region, but is successfully cultivated in all horticultural zones.

Masterpiece

The most productive hazelnut bred by Ukrainian breeders. Enters fruiting already 3 years after planting the shrub. An adult plant gives up to 9 kg of nuts. The ripening period falls on the last decade of August. The height of the hazel is up to 4 m, the fruits are formed up to 3 g, in each inflorescence there are up to 8 pieces. It needs to be planted next to a pollinator variety, propagation occurs by cuttings, shoots from the root or layering. The content of vegetable oils in nuts does not exceed 65%.

Moscow ruby

The variety was bred in 1957 by academician Yablokov in the conditions of the Zagatala nut farm by crossing the popular Nottingham hazelnut with the pollen of red-leaved hybrids.It is one of the best hazel trees to grow in gardens. Plant height reaches 5 m, male catkins form strongly dusty, which helps to increase productivity.

Characterized as a cold-resistant hazel. Fruits weigh up to 4 g, in each inflorescence there are up to 15 of them. When ripe, the nut becomes crimson red, which matches the color of the foliage in tone. Vegetable fats in the core contain up to 63%. The ripening period falls on the first decade of October. Up to 4 kg of fruits are harvested from each plant. Grow as a main bush, and as a pollinator variety.

Academician Yablokov

The variety was obtained in 1961 and is recommended for cultivation in the northwestern region, but over the years of cultivation it has shown good results in other zones, especially in the north. The height of the hazel reaches 4 m. It suffers from weevil damage, frost resistance is at an average level. A young plant produces few male-type flowers, but fruiting occurs regularly.Needs planting nearby a pollinator variety. The fruits are large, their ripening occurs in the first decade of October.

Garden

Medium-sized ordinary variety with good frost resistance. The fruits ripen in the second decade of September, are small in size. Foliage green. It is cultivated everywhere, requires planting a pollinator variety nearby. The content of vegetable oils in nuts is up to 65%.

Warsaw Red

European hazelnut with a large pyramidal bush. The fruits are large, contain up to 73% fat. The ripening period falls on the second decade of September. It is grown not only for the harvest, but also as an ornamental plant with unusual red foliage. Needs planting a pollinator variety. Male and female inflorescences of a hazel tree bloom at the same time.

Firstborn

A hybrid variety obtained by breeder R. F. Kudasheva. The height of the hazel reaches 4 m. The fruits gain weight up to 3 g, collected in inflorescences up to 5 pcs. in everyone. The fat content in the kernels reaches 65%.

Barcelona

A bush up to 5 m high has a spreading wide crown. Leaf plates are light green in color and large in size. The variety has a high yield, large, tasty nuts are formed. Their ripening falls on the first decade of September. Among the shortcomings, the ability to be affected by moniliosis is distinguished. Needs planting nearby pollinators. The calorie content of the kernel is higher than that of fish or meat, therefore it is undesirable for overweight people to eat it.

Anapa

Caucasian variety bred on the Black Sea coast. Ripening falls on the first decade of September. The inflorescence consists of 2-6 nuts weighing up to 2.5 g. The height of the shrub reaches 4 m. It begins to bear fruit 3 years after planting the shoot. Hardy hazel with moderate disease resistance.

Isaevsky

Another worthy variety from the breeder Kudasheva.It forms dessert large fruits, is characterized by increased cold resistance (can withstand temperatures down to -42 ° C). The plant is tall, with a wide crown. Hazelnut has inherited the best qualities of mother hazel trees Tambov early and Akademik Yablokov.

American hazel

Hybrid American hazelnut with a bush height of up to 4 m. Flowering occurs in April-May, and the growing season lasts from April to September. The nut is formed large, sugar. High cold resistance.

Masha

A hybrid with red leaves obtained by the breeder Kudasheva. Fruits gain weight up to 2 g, are characterized as dessert, the fat content is average. Hazelnuts withstand low temperatures, give abundant harvests.

Catherine

Red-leaved hybrid developed in 1961. It is considered one of the most large-fruited varieties, the fruits of which gain weight up to 5 g.Each brush contains up to 8 pieces. The ripening period falls on the last decade of September. Requires mandatory planting of pollinating varieties. Cold resistance is high.

Circassian

Recognized as a variety of national selection. Frost resistance of hazelnuts is excellent, not susceptible to pests and pathogens, suitable for cultivation in arid climates. Nuts are collected in brushes of 5 pieces each. The kernel contains up to 66% vegetable fats.

Chocolate

The variety was bred by Ukrainian breeders at the Research Institute named after G. Vysotsky. A tall plant reaches up to 5 m, the crown is spreading. Flowering falls on February-April, the ripening period is average. Each seed fruit contains up to 4 nuts. Hazelnuts can withstand temperatures as low as -37°C.

Kuban

Productive hazel with high frost resistance. Fruits gain weight up to 4 g. Hazelnuts are zoned for cultivation in the Krasnodar Territory. Each adult plant gives up to 9 kg of nuts. Harvest can be harvested mechanically.

Roman

Hazelnuts form fruits weighing up to 4 g. Immune to common diseases, but needs prophylactic treatment against bacteriosis. Among the shortcomings, low cold resistance and the likelihood of fruit rot are distinguished.

Ordinary Siren

Polish red-leaved variety obtained in 1969. The shrub grows up to 5 m in height. There are up to 7 nuts in seedlings, which begin to ripen by September. Hazelnut has good frost resistance, stable fruiting.

Adyghe

This variety was obtained as a result of the work of the breeder N. A. Tkhagushev in 1967. It has high cold resistance and drought resistance, as well as immunity to common diseases. There are up to 5 nuts in the seed. The core contains up to 65% fat.

Catalan

The bush grows large, leafy. Nuts are formed at the tips of branches up to 6 pieces in the seed. Hazelnut can withstand temperatures as low as -20 °C. Harvest ripening falls on the last decade of September.

Lambert white

Different by slow growth of the bush, which is able to reach medium dimensions. Up to 8 fruits, dressed in a white shell, are collected in the infructescence. The ripening period falls on the last decade of August. Cold-resistant hazelnuts are successfully grown in the climate of the North Caucasus.

Cosford

English variety, named after the area where it was bred back in 1816. Hazel is tall, spreading. Foliage is green but turns red in autumn. The ripening period falls on the second decade of September. Hazelnut bears early, requires planting nearby pollinator varieties, but can also be grown as a pollinator.

Victoria

Ukrainian hazelnut selection. A tall shrub that forms up to 8 nuts in each seed. The ripening period falls on the second decade of September. The plant tolerates cold well, pleases with abundant and stable crops.

Which variety is better to choose

Hazelnuts for their site are selected, first of all, depending on climatic conditions. Inhabitants of the southern regions prefer drought-resistant varieties, and in the middle lane only cold-resistant plants are grown. Otherwise, the choice of gardeners is completely free. Fruit size, leaf color, taste and yield are selected solely from their personal preferences.

Features of planting and care

Hazelnuts do not like sudden fluctuations in temperature, therefore it is desirable to plant it on the eastern and northern parts of the slopes. The plant grows well in the shade. Direct sunlight is harmful to him. With strong darkening, yields fall and decorative qualities may suffer

The groundwater level should not come closer to the surface in the area selected for planting the hazel tree closer than 1.5 m.It is better to choose a territory located near buildings, fences. It is undesirable to plant hazel on the south side, because the awakening will come too early and the shrub will suffer from frost.

Caring for hazelnuts comes down not only to watering and mulching the soil, but also to fertilizing, pruning. So that the yield does not decrease, the branches inside the shrub should not be allowed to thicken. It is also necessary to regularly carry out preventive spraying against pests and diseases.

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