Glyphosate herbicide: instructions for use, mechanism of action and consumption rates

Non-selective herbicides are used to clear the area of all types of vegetation. The leader among such agents is Glyphosate, a systemic, contact herbicide that appeared in the USA in 1970 and has become popular all over the world. He made it possible to abandon the regular removal of unnecessary plants by mechanical means. After many years of use, the negative aspects of the drug's action became known, but this did not reduce the demand for the herbicide.

Chemical characterization and purpose of Glyphosate

The formula patented by Monsanto was the result of the work of biochemist D. Franz, who studied the effect of phosphorus-containing substances on plants and methods of weed control.

The resulting compound is N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine, a derivative of the glycine amino acid. As a result, the drug has the following properties:

• herbicidal - destroys perennial, annual, cereal weeds, has contact and systemic action;
• arboricide - inhibits the growth and reproduction of woody plants (shrubs, trees);
• desiccant - a pesticide used to dry (remove excess moisture from tissues) cultivated cereals to facilitate harvesting.

Glyphosate is used to eliminate unwanted vegetation of any kind. It is used in harvested fields to lime the remains of cultivated plants and weeds, to remove rhizomes that are in the ground.

In the city and road sector, house adjoining areas and yards, roadsides, the territory along main pipelines, railway lines are cleaned with herbicide.

Reference: Glyphosate is recommended for use in small areas - cottages, farms.

Produced in canisters with a capacity of up to 20 liters with an active substance content of 36-45%. There is also a preparation in the form of crystals in soft plastic. Analogues are Glyphos, Fighter, Roundup, Typhoon.

The principle of action of the continuous herbicide

The drug belongs to the contact, begins to act upon pollination and contact with the ground part of plants. In the future, it demonstrates a systemic effect - it is distributed through conductive channels to all tissues, including the root.

With internal exposure, the synthesis of amino acids is inhibited, the development of the plant is slowed down and stopped, provoking its death. After washing the particles of Glyphosate into the soil by precipitation or when watered by the root, it is not absorbed.

The substance is white crystals. To facilitate dissolution in water, glyphosate is used in the form of a s alt, more often isopropylamine.

Obvious signs of herbicide exposure are yellowing of the leaves, which become soft, lethargic, without turgor. The plant dries out, shrinks, dies.

Of the trees, only conifers show resistance to herbicide action. Glyphosate destroys weeds and cultivated vegetation without choice, so its continuous action is manifested.

What weeds does it help against?

The action of Glyphosate extends to weeds, annual and perennial - with powerful rhizomes and stems. It eliminates weeds growing along irrigation canals - reeds, syt.

The effect of the herbicide is strong on the following types of vegetation:

• oregano;
• clover;
• bluegrass;
• couch grass;
• foxtail;
• nettle;
• meadow timothy grass;
• mouse peas.

The herbicide has an average effect on the following types of weeds:

• buttercup;
• wormwood;
• St. John's wort;
• reed;
• burdock;
• hogweed;
• bodyak;
• broad-leaved cattail.

Glyphosate can be used to remove poplar, linden, alder, birch from the territory.

Toxicity

The drug belongs to the 3rd group of hazardous substances, is not considered highly toxic to humans and animals. A negative effect of the herbicide on soil humus and some (insufficiently confirmed) connection with the development of skin cancers have been established.

Calculation of dosage and consumption rate

The dosage of the herbicide is chosen according to the type of weeds, the density of the infestation and the timing of development. Approximate norms for different types of crops:

Vineyards, orchards 2-4 annual weeds2-3Before germinationFields for cereals, vegetables, oilseeds , gourds 2-4 annual weeds After harvest, 2-4 weeks before sowing

Crop	Glyphosate volume in liters per hectare	Timing
	4-8 perennials	Spring-early summer with crop protection
Potatoes
Pairs	4-8 perennial 6-8 hardy perennials	During active growth of weeds
Desiccation of cereals	2-3	14 days before harvest

When spraying from the ground, the consumption is 100-200 liters of the finished mixture per hectare, for aerial processing - 50-100 liters per hectare.

Instructions for use

It is allowed to treat fields with herbicide by ground sprayers and with the help of agricultural aircraft.

Most crops require a single weed treatment. It is performed when there is no threat of precipitation, morning dew, and the air temperature does not fall below 15 °. How to use:

• fields - in pairs or stubble (can be sown in 2-4 weeks);
• for tree species - in cuts on the trunk, spraying foliage;
• gardens - directed weed spraying.

Preparative forms are diluted according to the instructions with water, based on the standards for this type of vegetation.

Protection period

The herbicide does not allow the rhizomes of perennials to recover during the entire growing season, at high spraying rates it destroys completely. Annual grasses die from Glyphosate, but the drug does not affect the seeds. A young generation of weeds may emerge from seeds.

Impact speed

Vegetation treated with Glyphosate dies within a month. Stopping of vegetation and signs of damage on annual weeds appear after 2-4 days, on perennials - after 7-10 days.

High humidity, soil and low temperatures reduce herbicide activity.

Possibility of resistance

The facts of emergence of resistance to Glyphosate in protected crops have been recorded. This made it possible to develop soybean varieties resistant to the herbicide. Based on the protein found in soybeans, varieties of other crops have been developed - sunflower, potatoes, which have become transgenic.

Weeds do not develop resistance.

Safety

When preparing the solution and spraying the herbicide, you must follow the usual rules for working with agrochemistry:

• prepare mortar on special stages;
• wear protective equipment - glasses, suit, boots;
• avoid contact of formula with children, animals, food.

When symptoms of poisoning appear, wash the stomach, drink sorbents. Wash thoroughly after contact with skin.

Compatibility with other products

The drug can be used in combination with the following means:

• dicamba;
• atrazine;
• 2.4-D.

There is experience of using Glyphosate with other herbicides (Metribuzin, Simazin).

How to store properly

Herbicide remains active in unopened packaging for 5 years. Storage - in back rooms and special warehouses at temperatures from -1 ° to +35 °.

Non-selective herbicides eliminate the tedious methods of weeding by manual or mechanical weeding. It is important to use glyphosate correctly, not to exceed dosages, to use it within the recommended time frame. Then the negative impact of the herbicide in the destruction of weeds will be reduced to a minimum.

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