Do-it-yourself cowshed for 10 heads: drawings and a project on how to build a farm

How to correctly calculate the materials for a barn for 10 adult heads, with cubs, every farmer would like to know. First you need to determine what will be required for future construction. Choose the option that suits you, the materials. On a farm for cattle, it is necessary to provide animals with comfortable living conditions. And take care of all the little things. Then the barn will serve for a long time, will be useful.

Drawings and dimensions

The dimensions, the construction site of the barn are preliminarily determined, the necessary calculations are made. The time spent on creating a farm project will pay off handsomely, save a lot of effort, materials and money.The idea of a farm, materials can be your own or borrowed from the network. For example, as in the video:

The ratio between the number of animals and the occupied area of the farm must be taken into account (reference data is given in the table):

A certain scheme of placement on the farm of areas for walking, milking, feeding cows is used. For example, like this:

When designing a barn, the basic area is taken into account, the established standards for keeping animals depending on the weight of the animals:

The more carefully the design of the barn is worked out, the fewer problems will arise during the construction, arrangement of premises and installation of equipment in the farm pens. Using ready-made solutions is a profitable way to reduce labor costs, not to "reinvent the wheel" where it makes no sense.

Besides, the tested variants of barns already take into account the required dimensions, communications, layout of window and door openings, including sewerage. It remains to choose a barn for the required number of animals and start selling.

Barn Requirements

Any structure, be it a barn for adult bulls or a mini-farm for keeping young animals, must meet specific requirements. This means the presence in the barn of places for lying, feeding, milking. In summer, the barn protects animals from heat, in winter - from cold and drafts. Cows are sensitive to temperature fluctuations and fall ill easily if they are not kept in the right conditions.

Dividing the barn into separate compartments is a mandatory requirement. Undoubtedly, it is worth providing separate entrances and exits from each block on the farm, as well as an independent entrance for people. The cowshed will become a place for animals to live outside the pasture.Therefore, saving on comfort and equipment is not worth it.

With the careful care of the cow, the young will begin to gain weight, give milk and meat. That is, to fulfill the goals that the owners pursued when creating the farm. When choosing the design of a barn, they take into account the possibilities, the availability of materials for the construction of a barn. The wall material of the barn should not only be warm for the winter season, but also have sufficient rigidity and strength. Withstand contact with animals without damage, loss of bearing capacity.

When creating small barns, the following materials are most often used:

• slag blocks;
• foam concrete;
• tree;
• brick;
• adobe.

The design of the barn, the material of the walls are selected in advance, at the design stage. Probable replacements, alterations will entail an inevitable rise in the cost of the object.

The construction of a cinder block barn seems promising: due to the large size of individual elements, the walls are built quickly and have good heat capacity.

The foam concrete material has approximately the same properties: it is used to fill wall openings in civil engineering, due to its lightness, strength and ease of use. But in rural areas, getting both of these materials can be a problem. Just like the widespread brick.

For hot areas with relatively warm winters, cob may be recommended for a barn. An environmentally friendly material obtained by natural drying of clay mixed with straw, cast into special molds. The disadvantages of adobe are as follows: it cracks in the sun, requires protection from the effects of precipitation, before proceeding with construction, it is necessary to prepare enough “bricks”.

Wood seems to be a good material for the construction of agricultural buildings. Lightweight, relatively cheap and durable, but not without flaws. The tree is subject to rotting, fungi and pests, hygroscopic, flammable. The processing of the material with special compounds will help solve these problems.

The main advantage of wood is the low weight of structures. You can get by with manual labor without involving expensive, energy-intensive mechanisms to create a barn. In combination with effective modern insulation, wood will allow you to build a barn quickly, efficiently and not very expensive.

The requirements for the future "house of cows" are based on officially approved regulations, veterinary rules. It is impossible to give up on these circumstances, to ignore them: Rosselkhoznadzor will certainly visit future farmers more than once or twice to make sure that the conditions for keeping bulls, cows, and young animals comply with the established rules.

Do not forget what kind of profile the farm under construction will be - meat, dairy or mixed. This circumstance will affect the layout, the number of barn pens, their appearance. The barn should be located so that it is convenient for transport to drive up (the existing road is taken into account or a new one is being laid).

You can not build a barn building in a lowland, where groundwater lies close to the surface. You should not place the farm close to residential buildings: smells, noise will disturb people. And the proximity of the barn to industrial facilities will disturb the cows themselves. According to sanitary standards, the farm cannot be located near water pipes, wells, reservoirs closer than 20 meters. If in the future it is planned to expand the farm, this fact is taken into account in advance. On average, one animal requires about 2.2 square meters of barn space.

Tools and materials

To build a farm, a barn for cattle according to all the rules, you will need materials and tools. These include:

• shovels;
• wood saws;
• hammer;
• drill or screwdriver;
• circular electric saw;
• trowel;
• buckets;
• trough;
• sand;
• rubble;
• cement;
• wooden beams, boards;
• nails;
• screws;
• liquid waterproofing;
• impregnation for wood;
• insulation;
• roofing materials.

It is preferable to build a barn for 10 heads of wood. In this case, it is permissible to get by with a minimum of materials and tools. And if you pre-cut the timber and boards to size, then there will be no need for a hacksaw and an electric saw.Building the walls of a stone truss will require the construction of a strong foundation in order to distribute the load from the above-ground part to the ground.

The wooden walls of the truss weigh less, allowing you to get by with a simplified scheme. The amount of materials is determined not "by eye", but in accordance with the calculation. The norms give an approximate consumption of nails, boards, sand, crushed stone or cement. The material must be taken with a margin, so that later you do not have to buy it in addition, look for a replacement.

Rules for making a barn for 10 heads

To avoid typical mistakes, miscalculations, you should draw up a detailed plan for the construction of a barn, broken down into stages. It will look like this:

1. Earthwork cycle. Construction site planning, excavation.
2. Foundation device. Waterproofing, laying communications (sewerage).
3. Building walls. Stone masonry or timber construction.
4. Creating an overlay. Device for ventilation, wiring, plumbing, roof structures.
5. Laying insulation, finishing, finishing, glazing windows and hanging doors/gates.
6. It is important not to violate the technology during the production of work, to be guided by the setting time of cement / concrete, not to proceed to the next stage until the current one is completed. Wooden structures are impregnated with compounds against decay, fire immediately or after completion of work.

If the cowshed is not being built on its own, but by a contract, the organization is obliged to provide the customer with all the necessary documents, draw up an act of acceptance and transfer of the object.

Laying the foundation

Building a barn with your own hands begins with laying the foundation. At the site of the future farm, marking is made: pegs are hammered in the corners, onto which the cord is pulled.This is how the boundaries of the walls of the building, the contour of the foundation are indicated. The depth of laying, the width at the base are determined by calculation depending on the region, terrain conditions. Or accepted as standard.

Before the device of the plate, crushed stone is backfilled, then a sand cushion is arranged. These measures are necessary to ensure the stability of the foundation, to avoid subsidence. Waterproofing is carried out by coating or pasting. Water-soluble bituminous mastics are now being produced, which are easy to use and easy to apply.

Horizontal surfaces are controlled by geodetic instruments, building level. The strength of the strip foundation, load resistance will become higher if reinforcement with steel rods is used. Their number, diameter and layout are determined by calculation.

Formwork for the foundation is assembled from boards. Concrete for pouring is mixed from crushed stone, sand and cement.A concrete mixer or trough of a suitable size is used. Until the solution hardens (approximately 72 hours), it is impossible to proceed to the next step. All concrete work is carried out at a positive temperature. Failure to comply with this requirement will lead to poor quality of the foundation, the appearance of cracks, shells.

Installation of floors

The floors are laid when the work of the zero cycle is completed, the foundation is completely seized. Of all the possible options, the flooring on the farm from a wooden board seems to be the most preferable. Cement, bulk will not work, because they are cold, they will cause discomfort to the cows. Before the start of work, they plan and complete the sewerage, including trays for draining wastewater.

Properly laid floors made of seasoned wood, impregnated with rot, will last a long time. They are easy to repair and maintain.

Building walls

Before the construction of the walls of the farm, beacons are installed, cords are pulled to determine the verticality and contour of the walls. Compliance with the parameters is periodically monitored - by plumb and level.

It is allowed to build a barn in a frame way: first, columns are erected, and then the openings are sewn up with a board. The type of truss foundation must strictly correspond to the accepted design, wall material. If replaced, it will not be possible to remake it.

The stage is completed with the installation of a stiffening belt in the upper level, bandaging the truss walls (supports) with beams. Openings for doors and windows are calculated in advance, placed in strictly designated places.

One of the examples of cowsheds is shown in the video:

Roof, door and window installation

The design of windows, farm doors depends on the wishes of the customer. The main condition is reliability, the presence of constipation, the absence of gaps and cracks. It is allowed to use finished products made (purchased) in advance, according to current sizes.

Truss roof can be pitched or flat. Type of coating - profiled sheet, tile, shingles. It is also determined at the design stage, the required materials are ordered for it. The overlap between the barn and the roof is insulated to provide a comfortable environment for the animals.

The fastening of the coating (slate, tile, profiled sheet) must withstand gusts of wind, perform the main function. Suggested options are nails, self-tapping screws. For optimal placement of the coating on the truss beams, a crate is created taking into account the step of the elements (sheets, tiles).

Ventilation

Ventilation is needed not only to get rid of specific odors, but also for aeration, the movement of air inside the barn. It happens natural, forced, forced-air and exhaust. It differs in the complexity of installation, cost.Arranged in full accordance with the original design of the barn.

Manure removal system

Cows are herbivores that produce quite a lot of feces and manure in the process of life. It is required to provide a system of trays embedded in the floor so that you can easily and quickly clean the corral, barn. The construction of complex manure removal complexes, as on large farms, seems inappropriate.

It will be more effective to build a central chute along the entire length of the barn. It is possible to organize a separate pit for each animal on the farm, but this will require large cleaning costs. The manure storage is located outside, in a place equipped with a transport access to the farm with the possibility of pumping out.

Lighting

Standard openings in the walls of the barn are constructed at a level of 1200-1500 millimeters from the floor. When arranging windows, farms are guided by the rule: 10% of the total area of the barn. Possibility of opening for ventilation, washing is provided. More often than others, polycarbonate tape is used, PVC material covers.

It is recommended to adhere to the following norms:

• farm stall - 50 lux;
• feeding area - 75 lux.

Cows on the farm need bright light from 4 am to 8 am. From about 4 pm, its intensity is gradually reduced.

Plumbing

Water in the barn is necessary both for domestic needs and for watering animals.The number of drinkers, sinks is determined by the calculation, the needs of the farm. In winter, the water supply on the farm should not freeze; for this, the pipes are insulated. The diameter is taken so as to provide pressure, throughput. For farm ideas, watch the video:

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