Malathion: instructions for use and preparations with the active substance, analogues of karbofos

Organophosphorus insecticides are a group of active substances of medium toxicity included in preparations designed to control insect pests. Before the advent of pyrethroids, they were one of the most commonly used active ingredients in pest control chemicals, as they were considered less dangerous than organochlorines. Malathion-based preparations can still be purchased at the store today.

History of Appearance

On the territory of the former Soviet Union, a substance from the chemical class of organophosphorus compounds is better known as karbofos.The beginning of the development of malathion falls on the 40s of the last century, this was done by the American Cyanamide Company, in particular, the scientist Kassady. The substance was obtained by adding dialkyldithiophosphoric acids to compounds having a double bond. In 1953, malathion received the name by which it is known today.

About the same time, Soviet scientists were engaged in similar studies and as a result received the same substance, which was called karbofos. Today, malathion is one of the oldest active ingredients used in insecticide and acaricidal chemicals.

Physical and chemical properties

Pure karbofos is a rather heavy liquid, slightly oily and completely transparent. However, technical malathion may have a yellowish or slightly red tint. The substance is poorly soluble in water (0.145 g / l), but it is good in organic solvents, which reduces the danger if a chemical compound comes into contact with the skin of a person performing the treatment.

Since karbofos is a fairly volatile compound, special fragrances are added to insectoacaricides to reduce this characteristic. Due to such substances, all malathion-based preparations have an unpleasant odor.

Pest action principle

The active substance from the class of organophosphorus compounds belongs to nerve poisons. Its principle of action is based on blocking the enzyme, cholinesterase, which is important for the life of the pest. Enzymes are produced in the body of the parasite that are able to neutralize the effect of the poison, but this happens very slowly, as a result, convulsions occur, then paralysis of the insect and complete death.

Preparations based on karbofos are characterized by fumigant, intestinal and contact actions.

Despite the emergence of drugs based on pyrethroid substances (less dangerous), malathion insecticides continue to be in demand due to their benefits:

• low cost drugs;
• no accumulation in the ground;
• high acaricidal activity;
• virtually does not lead to the development of resistance;
• has moderate toxicity to humans and warm-blooded animals;
• can be used in conjunction with pyrethroids to enhance their effect;
• has a long shelf life if certain rules are followed.

The disadvantages of chemicals based on karbofos include the following points:

• short period of protective action (no more than a week);
• slow action on pests;
• lack of ovicidal activity;
• often exhibits phytotoxicity;
• dangerous for honey insects and water dwellers.

Drug summary

Preparations containing karbofos are used not only by farmers, but also by owners of household plots. The list of the most popular chemicals includes Fufanon-Nova (440 g / liter), Alatar (225 g / liter + 50 grams of cypermethrin), Antiklesch (525 g / liter), Inta-C-M (140 g/kg + 29 grams of cypermethrin) and "Prophylactin" (13 g/liter + 659 grams of vaseline oil).

Instructions for use

In order for insecticide-acaricidal preparations based on karbofos to cope with the task and destroy pests, it is necessary to properly prepare a working solution for treating crops and adhere to the drug consumption rates specified in the instructions.

As an example, instructions for use for several chemicals are given:

1. Fufanon-Nova. The contents of one ampoule of the drug are dissolved in a liter of water and mixed until a homogeneous consistency. After that, the mother solution is diluted in 10 liters of water and the plants are sprayed. Depending on the type of plant, from 1 to 5 liters of working fluid is consumed per square meter.
2. "Alatar". A working solution for spraying ornamental and fruit and vegetable crops is prepared from 5 ml of insectoacaricide and 6 liters of settled water. Processing work is carried out early in the morning or after sunset, using 0.5 to 2 liters per square meter or 2 to 5 liters of liquid per plant (trees).
3. Anticlesch. To prepare the solution, use 10 ml of a chemical agent, dissolving them in a 10-liter bucket of water. Apply 1 to 3 liters per square meter or 2 to 5 liters per mature tree or bush.
4. "Inta-Ts-M". The drug effectively destroys the Colorado potato beetle and leaf-eating caterpillars.1 tablet of insectoacaricide is dissolved in a liter of water, after which the mother liquor is poured into a 10-liter bucket of water and mixed thoroughly. Consumption rates - from 2 to 5 liters per tree and 5 liters per hundred square meters of a garden.

Safety precautions

Preparations based on karbofos belong to the 3rd or 4th class of toxicity, depending on the presence of additional substances and the concentration of the main component. When working with liquid, make sure that it does not get on the skin or in the eyes.

To do this, use protective clothing - overalls, gloves. Also, in order to avoid chemical vapors entering the respiratory tract, use a mask or respirator. While working with insectoacaricides, it is forbidden to drink, smoke and eat so that the substance does not get on the mucous membranes.

At the end of the treatment of the plants, all clothes are washed and showered with detergent to wash off the remaining chemical.

Analog

Replace drugs in which karbofos is the active ingredient, you can use pyrethroid-based insectoacaricides.

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