When winter wheat is sown: application rate per 1 ha in kg, the best time

The timing of grain sowing affects seed germination, seedling development, resistance to weather conditions, diseases and, ultimately, yield. Consider when you need to sow winter wheat, the seeding rate per hectare, which variety to choose, what predecessors should be. How to prepare seeds and soil, how to take care of plants, how to carry out protection against diseases and the nuances of growing depending on the region.

Specific sowing of winter wheat

The timing of sowing for cereals of the winter variety is important, because it depends on how the plants will develop and what crop they will give. There is a period of time when sowing is most beneficial for the normal development of plants and their preparation for wintering.

When sown earlier than the recommended time, the plants may overgrow, grow bushy, and grow excess green mass. This will lead to the fact that in winter they may freeze out or suffer from diseases and pests that are still active at this time.

If sown later, the wheat will not have time to develop, the roots and the aerial part will not resist the cold well, and the plants will also freeze. Weak development will also affect further growth in the spring, wheat will not give a good harvest, may suffer from drought.

When is the plant sown?

Soil moisture, its composition, climatic conditions, quality of sowing seeds and wheat variety are of great importance for determining the timing. In practice, it was found that the optimal time for sowing crops in the fall falls on the interval from September 25 to October 5.At the same time, experts found that the average daily temperature at this time should be 14-17 ° С.

If you have time to sow at this time, the wheat will have time to take root, sprout, form shoots, and will endure cold and other adverse weather factors.

Sowing rates per 1 ha in kg

The depth of seed placement affects the friendliness and speed of germination. For friendly germination, it is necessary that the grain gets into the wet layer, but is not lowered too deep. If planted too deep, seeds may rot before germination, and seedlings will be weakened and unable to resist disease. If the ground is moist at the time of sowing, the seed depth should be, on average, 3-5 cm. If sown earlier, the seeds can be buried more than average, if later, then they can be buried shallowly.

Consumption of grain per hectare is determined by the needs of plants in the nutrients they receive per unit area. If you sow thickly or, conversely, sparsely, the grain yield will decrease in both cases.

The optimal seeding rate for most varieties of wheat is 160-250 kg/ha. Exceeding the norms does not increase, as it would be expected, but on the contrary, reduces the yield, the resulting grain becomes more expensive due to the use of pesticides to combat diseases. At later stages, the seeding rate should be increased by 10-15% to form the optimal number of productive stems per unit area.

Variety selection

Many varieties of winter wheat have been bred with different characteristics and yields.

Bezenchukskaya

Durum wheat variety. The mass of a thousand grains is 36-42 g. The average yield is 21.5 c/ha, higher than the standard by 1.2 c/ha. Mid-season variety, vegetation lasts 76-85 days. Lodging resistant, above average drought tolerance.The flour quality is satisfactory. Bezenchukskaya is moderately susceptible to leaf rust disease. In field conditions, loose smut is not affected.

Nemchinovskaya 57

Soft variety variety. The mass of a thousand seeds is 37-48 g. On average, it gives 34.0 kg / ha. Mid-season variety, vegetation lasts 292-327 days. Winter hardiness and drought resistance at the level of the standard. In terms of resistance to lodging, it exceeds the standard by 0.5-1.0 points. The quality of the flour is very high. Susceptible to snow mold. Weakly affected by powdery mildew, medium brown rust and septoria, not affected by hard smut.

Mironovskaya 808

Wheat is soft, the weight of a thousand grains is 39-50 g. The quality of the flour is good. The variety is mid-season, fruitful, 50-56 centners are harvested per hectare. Winter hardiness and drought tolerance are above average. Brown rust resistant, Hessian fly resistant.

Moscow 39

Soft winter wheat. The weight of a thousand seeds is 34-42 g. The average yield is 28.6 c/ha, 1.0 c/ha less than the standard. Mid-season, vegetation lasts 305-308 days. Winter hardiness and resistance to lodging at the level of the standard. The main advantage of Moskovskaya 39 is high baking qualities. The variety is resistant to hard and dusty smut, septoria, can suffer from brown rust and powdery mildew. Fungicide treatments required.

Yuka

Soft wheat variety. The weight of a thousand grains is 36-47 g. The average yield is 54.4 q/ha. Mid-season, vegetation takes 227-286 days. In terms of winter hardiness and resistance to heat, it exceeds the standard, it is resistant to lodging. Good baking qualities. Resistant to powdery mildew, brown, yellow and stem rust; septoria; Moderately resistant to head smut and head blight.

Crop rotation predecessors

Wheat is placed after legumes: early-ripening soybeans, vetch, alfalfa, clover, peas, which accumulate nitrogen in the soil. In regions with sufficient moisture when fertilizing, the crop is sown after perennial grasses, green corn, peas, a mixture of vetch and oats.

Preparation of seeds and soil

Selected seeds are suitable for sowing, without impurities and damage, dry and without mold. Before sowing, they are treated with fungicidal protectants and dried.

As for the soil, it is necessary to take into account its properties, the level of processing and humidity, the percentage of clogging with weeds. With a sufficient level of humidity, it is necessary to carry out land cultivation, spraying from soil infections and pests, and herbicidal treatment. With insufficient moisture, the primary task is to preserve soil moisture.

Sowing rules

Wheat is planted mainly in narrow row and cross ways, which provide a uniform arrangement of plants over the area. This gives good root development, improves bushiness, resistance to cold, and increases productivity. Due to the uniformity, the rows of plants close faster, which leads to the suppression of weeds, a decrease in moisture evaporation, and an improvement in the food and water regime.

Wheat rows are located from the north and south, which increases the yield by several centners per hectare due to uniform lighting throughout the day.

Crop care

Winter wheat needs early spring fertilization with nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrate at 1-1.5 q/ha. Fertilizer promotes additional tillering, increased development of shoots with an ear.

Spring harrowing yields another 1.5 to 3.3 quintals of extra grain per 1 ha. Be sure to harrow the crops, if they have overgrown since autumn, to remove diseased plants and damaged by the cereal fly.

Protection from diseases and pests

If there is a threat of damage to winter crops by rot and mold, spraying with fungicides "Aconite BT", "Adept BT", "Healer BT" should be carried out.

From cereal aphids and grain fleas, cicadas and bed bugs, wheat is treated with Thor BT, BiMol BT, Strike BT, DiChlor using the BT Sticker adjuvant.

Nuances depending on the region

Despite the average sowing dates for wheat, different dates are recommended for different varieties. For example, in the north, you can start sowing already on August 1-15, in the Non-Chernozem zone - August 10-30, in the Central Black Earth zone - August 20-September 1, in the Lower Volga region - September 1-20, in the North Caucasus - September 15- October 5th.

The timing of sowing seed wheat has a great influence on the further development of the crop. Both early and late sowing harms plants, worsens development and general condition, provokes the development of diseases, and makes them more resistant to pests. When sowing, it is important to take into account the condition of seeds and soil, the degree of processing, the level of moisture, the percentage of weeds, how much it is fertilized. All this affects the germination and development of cereals in the initial stages of growth.

Recommended