Plum Chemalskaya: variety description, planting and care, popular varieties

Many gardeners are interested in the description of the Chemalskaya plum variety, its planting and caring for the plant. This culture is considered quite popular. Gardeners appreciate this plant for its high yield and unpretentiousness. The tree is resistant to low temperatures, attractive appearance and pleasant taste. Therefore, the culture is often chosen for cultivation on their plots.

History of Breeding

Scientists have made great strides in creating new frost-resistant varieties of plums. Their efforts led to the emergence of Siberian plum selection Chemalskaya.It was obtained at the Lisavenko Research Institute of Horticulture, located in Altai. This crop was included in the State Register in 1974. It is recommended to grow it in the West Siberian, East Siberian and Ural regions.

Popular varieties

Plum Chemalskaya is distinguished by a dense rounded crown. The plant is characterized by a bouquet type of fruiting. At the same time, its branches are distinguished by a grayish color. Shoots are thin and straight.

Green leaves are the decoration of the culture. At the same time, a blunt-conical base is characteristic of sheet plates. They have a slightly concave shape and a curved end. The petiole is short and medium thick. Buds form 2-3 flowers. There is a cup-shaped corolla and small white petals on top.

The Chemal plum is characterized by medium-sized fruits. Their length is 25 millimeters, and their diameter is 27. At the same time, the mass of one fruit reaches an average of 14-16 grams.Inside the fruit is a tender and juicy pulp with pronounced sourness. The bones are medium in size and elongated oval in shape. The stalk is small and easily separated from the fruit. Today, many species of such plants are known.

Blue

Culture is medium in size. It is characterized by matte leaves of an ovoid shape and a green tint. The plant has medium-sized fruits of a rounded shape of a maroon hue. From above they are covered with a large amount of wax coating. 1 plum weighs 20 grams. The variety has gained wide popularity due to its yellow-white color and sweet and sour taste.

Sprawling

The tree is medium in size and has a wide spreading crown. It is characterized by large rounded fruits that have a cherry hue. 1 plum of this variety weighs approximately 15 grams. The fruits have orange-yellow flesh. It has a delicate sweet taste and pleasant aroma.

Red

The plant is medium in size and has a rounded shape. The culture has attractive red fruits covered with a wax coating. Inside is red pulp, which has a delicate and juicy taste with a slight sourness.

Large

This crop can reach a height of 3.2 meters. It is characterized by a rare paniculate crown. A distinctive feature of the plant are yellow wide-oval plums with a burgundy-red blush. Their average weight reaches 50 grams. Inside the fruit is yellow pulp with a pleasant sweet and sour taste.

Black

This variety is medium in size and has a pyramidal crown. Fruits are characterized by a rounded shape and weigh up to 15 grams. Their distinctive feature is a pronounced seam. The pulp has a white-yellow color and moderate juiciness. This variety is characterized by sweet and sour fruits with a slight astringency near the skin.The bone is small and easily separated.

Features

Plum Chemalskaya is a fairly popular culture that has many characteristics that are attractive to gardeners. Among the most significant parameters of the plant, the following should be highlighted:

1. Resistance to pathologies and parasites. The plant is highly resistant to clasterosporiosis. It is also characterized by an average resistance to codling moth attacks. As for moniliosis, the culture is characterized by poor resistance. However, subject to the rules of agricultural technology aimed at preventing pathology, this minus can be easily corrected.
2. Resistant to drought and frost. Chemal plum has a high degree of frost resistance. The culture is able to tolerate temperatures down to -40 degrees. It is worth noting that not only lignified fragments of the plant, but also flower buds are resistant to cold.However, this only applies to adults who have rooted plants older than 4 years. Therefore, young trees need preparation for winter. With regard to drought, this species is considered not very resistant. To get a bountiful harvest, the plant needs to be watered abundantly - especially in the initial stages of development.
3. Pollination. The crop needs cross-pollination to produce many fruits, as it is not a self-fertile variety. Of the most suitable pollinators for the Chemal plum, it is worth highlighting such varieties as Sinilga, Peresvet, Krasnoselskaya.
4. Terms of flowering and ripening. The flowering of this plant begins in May. In this case, fruiting occurs only 4-5 years after planting. Fruit ripening is observed in mid-August.
5. Yield. This variety is characterized by consistently high yields. From the moment fruiting begins, in the presence of pollinators, more than 10 kilograms of plums can be obtained from a tree. The peak yield occurs at the age of 7 and is maintained throughout the life cycle at the level of 50 kilograms.It is important to bear in mind that with a lack of moisture, plums fall from the tree unripe, and the plant itself is constantly sick.
6. Fruit transportability. Plums tolerate transportation well. They are resistant to mechanical damage and cracking.
7. Features of use. The fruits of this culture are versatile in use. They can be eaten fresh or used to make desserts, pastries, sauces, juices.

How to plant correctly

In order for the plant to develop normally, it is important to pay attention to planting. In this case, you need to choose a place and time, as well as prepare the site.

Choosing the right time

It is recommended to plant this plum in the spring. This should be done in April before bud break. During the summer, the seedlings will have time to take root in the soil and adapt to external conditions. It is also permissible to carry out planting work in the fall.In this case, this must be done at the end of September - a few weeks before the frost. It is important to consider that young trees need protection from sudden temperature fluctuations.

Seat selection

When planting plums of this variety, it is important to choose the right site. In this case, the following requirements must be taken into account:

1. Good lighting. Lack of light can negatively affect the sugar content of plums and lead to a decrease in the quality of the crop.
2. Protection from strong winds. The plant does not tolerate drafts.
3. Smooth terrain. In the presence of lowlands, there is a risk of flooding the root system of the crop. This will eventually provoke a lag in development and the death of the seedling.
4. Moisture-absorbing and breathable primer. Loamy soil is best, which is neutral.

What to plant nearby

The Chemal plum does not tolerate the neighborhood with any fruit trees - pome and stone fruits. Apple trees are an exception. Planting plum trees with other plants is recommended to be separated by blackcurrant bushes. Also, culture perceives the neighborhood with raspberries and gooseberries.

Step by step instructions

When buying plum seedlings of this variety, you should give preference to strong and he althy plants. They should not have mechanical damage or signs of pathology. The presence of well-developed roots is of great importance. Before planting, the root system of trees must be lowered into an earthen mash. This will help keep it from drying out.

To ensure successful landing operations, it is recommended to do the following:

1. Place fertilizer at the bottom of the recess. For this, it is permissible to use wood ash, compost and superphosphate.
2. Spread the root system of the young culture and place vertically in the recess. This must be done very carefully, without bending the roots.
3. Sprinkle the plant with soil, gently shaking the trunk. This will help fill in the gaps between the roots. It is important to ensure that the root neck is flush with the ground.
4. Water the plant and cover the near-stem circle with a mulch layer up to 20 centimeters in size. For this, it is recommended to use organic substances.

Care

In order for a plant to develop normally, it needs to be properly looked after. Fertilization is not required during the first two years of life. From the third year until the start of fruiting, it is recommended to adhere to the following scheme:

1. Beginning of May - use a solution of 6 tablespoons of urea and 30 liters of water. You can also take 10 liters of mullein for 20 liters of water.
2. Beginning of June - you can prepare a solution of 6 tablespoons of nitrophoska and 30 liters of water.
3. Mid or end of August - mix 6 tablespoons of superphosphate and potassium sulfate with 30 liters of water. Also at this stage, a solution of 10 liters of mullein, 800 grams of wood ash and 20 liters of water will do.

Mature fruit-bearing trees need a different feeding schedule. Before flowering, it is recommended to apply nitrogen-based substances. For this, chicken manure is suitable. For 1 square meter of the trunk circle, it is worth using 300 grams of this substance. It is also permissible to use urea and potassium sulfate. To prepare a solution for 10 liters of water, you need to take 35 grams of these substances. It is recommended to use 30 liters of this fertilizer per 1 square meter.

The next top dressing should be applied at the stage of fruit formation.In this case, it is required to use a mixture of 10 kilograms of compost and 1 kilogram of wood ash. This composition should be diluted with 20 liters of water. If watering the tree at this moment is not required, you need to apply the product by embedding it in the ground.

For the third time, adult plants need to be fed a week after harvest. To do this, it is recommended to take 90 grams of potassium sulfate and superphosphate for 30 liters of water.

The Chemal plum needs enough moisture. Young plants are recommended to be watered 4-5 times a month. At the same time, each tree needs 10-20 liters of water. Mature plants are moistened according to the schedule. They need to be watered in combination with the first fertilization, at the stage of ovary formation, at the stage of fruit pouring and during the last top dressing. It is recommended to use 3-4 buckets of water for 1 adult tree.

Possible diseases and pests

The Chemal plum is highly disease resistant. However, if the rules of agricultural technology are violated, the plant may still suffer. The most dangerous pathologies include the following:

1. Clasterosporiasis - accompanied by the appearance on the leaves of small spots of a pale yellow color. After a while, they increase in size and turn brown. Then holes appear on the foliage. To cope with the pathology, it is required to burn the affected fragments and treat with Bordeaux liquid.
2. Moniliosis - causes rapid fall of flowers, drying of leaves and peduncles, the appearance of cracks on old shoots. Removal of infected fragments and treatment with copper chloride or Bordeaux liquid will help to cope with the pathology.
3. Smallpox - accompanied by the formation of spots or stripes on young leaves. Over time, they become marble. With the development of pathology, all infected trees must be burned, since it is impossible to cure smallpox.

Of the pests, the plum sawfly is the most dangerous. Its larvae can lead to the destruction of still green fruits. When pests are identified, all infected fruits must be destroyed.

Plum Chemalskaya is a very popular crop that gives a bountiful harvest. In order for the plant to develop normally, it is important to carry out planting work correctly and provide it with quality care.

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