Growing cucumbers in open ground in the suburbs: how and when to plant

Since cucumbers are a fairly popular crop in our gardens, it is worth considering the peculiarities of caring for this vegetable in the climate near Moscow. Consider how to plant seedlings correctly, describe the main points of caring for a vegetable crop, in order to eventually get abundant and tasty fruits of your labor.

Where and how best to grow cucumbers

Their seeds are sown next to cabbage, peas in the ground, but can not be planted near potatoes. It is advised to plant beans or corn on all sides of the beds with cucumber bushes. The beans will protect the young plants, and the corn will protect the grown crop.

Beans tolerate cold weather well, they are planted even before cucumbers in 2 rows, keeping a distance of 0.15 m between rows. Corn is planted at the same time as cucumbers - in 2 rows. It is even better to sow beans and corn across the direction of the winds.

To understand how to grow a crop, you need to know that seeds are sown in the place where tomatoes, peas, peppers, cabbage, onions used to grow.

To grow cucumbers, in no case should they be planted after beans, carrots, as these crops suffer from white rot, which also affects cucumbers.

Requirements for the landing site

For sowing cucumber seeds, select a well-lit area with light soil, without northern winds.

You can buy cucumber seedlings and plant them, but do not forget that cucumbers grow normally at a temperature of 18 - 26 ° C. If the temperature drops to 15 ° C, then the culture slows down its growth.If the temperature drops below 10 ° C, then the cucumbers will absolutely stop growing, diseases will appear on the roots and root neck, and then the culture will die.

When the temperature drops to 10 ° C, cover the plants with a film.

When to plant cucumbers in the suburbs? Planting dates for seeds - from May 20 to June 20.

Soil preparation

Planting cucumbers in open ground is done in 5 ways:

• in the trenches;
• in beds insulated with straw, grass;
• to warm manure beds;
• on artificial slopes;
• growing cucumbers in a barrel.

Digging a trench

In autumn, dig a strip 0.7 m wide and 0.2 m deep. In the center of the strip, dig a trench 0.3 m deep. At the bottom of the trench, pour a layer of 15 cm chopped straw, fallen leaves, mowed weeds, peat.At the beginning of spring, pour a layer of 0.25 m of fresh manure into the trench. Pour boiling water over the manure, adding potassium permanganate to the boiling water. Sprinkle earth on top.

Warm garden

In autumn, spread 6 - 8 kg of rotted manure per 1 m² of land. Dig to the depth of the shovel - it's about 30 cm.

Fold the top layer of earth to the side, pour mowed grass, chopped straw, fallen leaves, sawdust on the bottom. Fill with soil so that the height of the bed is 0.5 m. Pour boiling water, sprinkle with crushed chalk and ash on top. Cover with foil, let lie down for 24 hours. Next, pour the substrate from peat, humus and sawdust. Cover again and leave until spring.

Warm manure bed

In autumn, put a layer of soil on a pile of manure, and then cover it with burlap and plastic wrap - then the manure will not freeze in the cold season. In very early spring, when there is still snow, remove the burlap and film.

Dig up the manure so that oxygen enters it, then it will warm up to a temperature of +60 ° C due to the active reproduction of bacteria. You can also put hot bricks in a pile.

When the soil thaws, then a layer of earth is removed from the bed to a depth of 40 cm. A layer of 10 cm of sawdust is poured down, watered with a solution of carbamide, manure is placed on top. It takes almost 1 ton of manure per 3 m². Then a previously removed layer of fertile soil 0.25 m thick is placed on it and the ground is covered with black polyethylene.

Artificial slope

You can plant cucumbers in artificially piled slopes. Fill the earth so that there is a steep steep slope 0.2 - 0.25 m high on the north side, and a gentle slope on the south side. Make a bed 1 m wide. Dig shallow holes in the middle of the bed. We sow seeds in them.

Barrel

Very early in spring, branches, pieces of rags, dried roots are placed in a barrel for 1/3 of the part. Then another 1/3 of weed grass, vegetation residues, potato peel, onion peel.

After put the barrel in the sun and leave for 3 weeks, water it. "Baikal EM" accelerates the decay of weeds. Add 100 ml of Baikal EM to a ten-liter bucket with settled water and pour into a barrel.

From May 1, a 20 cm layer of soil is poured from humus, leafy and ordinary soil. The earth is watered with a boiling pinkish solution of potassium permanganate. 10 seeds are placed in a barrel. The barrel is covered with a film before you see the first foliage. Barrel sprouts can be protected by covering them with plastic bottles.

The most suitable varieties of cucumbers

Planting cucumbers in open ground in the suburbs is required, selecting varieties according to the following principles:

1. Better to plant early ripening cucumbers.
2. It is preferable to select those that pollinate themselves, because if the weather is cool, then few pollinating insects fly.
3. Choose varieties that do not respond to sudden changes in temperature, give high yields with a lack of light and lack of heat, with dense plantings.
4. Having immunity to diseases and badly affected by pests.

To get a great harvest of cucumbers in the Moscow region, it is advised to plant 3-7 varieties per garden bed, alternating parthenocarpic (self-pollinated) and pollinated by all sorts of wasps, bees.

In the open ground with seeds in the suburbs planted:

• varieties: Vyaznikovsky, Alex, Harvest 86, Opera, Melodiya, Soyuz, Angelina, Nezhinsky local, Ajax, Competitor, Nerosimy 40, Golubchik, Altai early, Atlantis;
• hybrids: Rodnichok, Magnificent, Masha, MOVIR, Herman, State Farm, Claudia, VIR 505, Farmer, Annushka, Blizzard, Stork, Crane, By Pike, Nightingale, Petersburg Express, Snowstorm, Cellar, Santana, Libelle .

Planting seeds

Before planting cucumbers, the seeds are placed in a gauze bag. Place the bags near the radiator. Warm up for 2 months. The best temperature is 20 °C.

Cucumber seeds are soaked 3-6 days before being placed in the soil and left in a warm room until they hatch. Seeds are hardened to increase the future yield and faster ripening of cucumbers:

1. First, the seeds are kept for 6 hours in the heat, then 6 hours in the refrigerator.
2. Seeds are kept for 2 days at 2°C.
3. When the seeds hatch, they are kept for 1 day at a temperature of 1°C.

If you bought seeds in a multi-colored shell, then they do not need to be wetted and germinated.

To guarantee the sprouts to sprout, take 3 types of seeds: completely dry, already germinated and soaked in water.If germinated seeds are sown, they will sprout before anyone else, but may die during a return frost. Seeds soaked in water have an average resistance to frost, but sprout early. Dry seeds are the most resistant to frost, but of course, they will sprout much later.

Planted, making holes with an indent of 0.6 m from one another, if you make 1 row. If you plant in 2 rows, then keep a distance of 0.8 - 0.9 m between the holes and 0.4 - 0.5 m between the rows. Sowing cucumbers in open ground with seeds is done by placing seeds of all three types in the holes to a depth of 1 - 2 cm. Pour moist soil on top, press it a little.

Do I need to water the beds after placing the seeds in the ground? No, because the water will displace the air and the seeds will not get oxygen.

Before the sprouts grow, you can put peat mulch. When mulching, the ground cools down more slowly, near the ground the air is warmer due to the dark color of peat, because of this it warms up faster by the sun, moisture dries out more slowly. Either cover the bed with a film of polyethylene, then a crust does not form on the ground. If the sun is all day long, then grass and straw are scattered over the film. When the first sprouts appear, the film is removed.

Care

Let's consider the main stages of caring for a vegetable.

Thinning

The subtlety of caring for bushes - when sprouts appear, they are thinned out by pinching off. You can not pull out seedlings with roots, as this can damage other bushes.

The first time the seedlings are thinned out when 1 true leaf grows. Leave 1 sprout every 0.1 m. The second - when the third true leaf appears, make a distance of 0.5 m between the sprouts.

Feeding

Since April 29, seedlings have been watered with solutions from Sudarushka and Bucephalus. In the spring, for more intensive leaf growth, cucumber plantings are watered with a solution of urea, spreading 2 tbsp. spoons in a ten-liter bucket of water.

Growing bushes, they are fertilized once a week - this is done after watering. You can dilute 1 part of chicken or rabbit manure with 5 parts of water for top dressing, or take 1 part of manure and 5 parts of water, leave for a couple of days. Then add another ten-liter bucket of water to each liter of infusion. 1 - 2 liters are poured under the bush.

You can feed every other time first with mullein, then with a solution of Agricola, Effekton, Energen fertilizers.

From the middle of summer, the bushes are fed with a solution of 3 tbsp. spoons of potassium nitrate and a ten-liter bucket of water.

Irrigation

Cucumbers in the open field, water with warm, settled water three times or four times a week. Water under the root so that the droplets do not fall on the stems and leaves, otherwise the plant may get downy mildew. In the morning, spray the bushes from a spray bottle by pouring a small amount of warm water into it.In the absence of rain, water more often. When hot, water with a hose. After watering or rain, loosen the soil.

To attract pollinating insects, make a syrup of 1 tbsp. tablespoons of honey and 0.5 liters of water and sprinkle it. You also need to know that in order to attract insects, coriander seeds should be planted in the aisles in early spring.

Formation

To prevent diseases due to fungi, cucumbers are grown on a trellis. When growing cucumbers on a trellis, a lot of space is saved. In the garden, drive in the poles, keeping a distance of 0.7 - 0.8 m, tie wire trellises on them, and make an indent between the bushes 0.3 - 0.4 m.

You can replace the trellis wire with a wooden rail, which you nail to the support posts at the top - then the rail will not sag like a wire.

When growing, pinch stem over 4-5 leaves. This is done for all varieties of cucumbers, in addition to hybrid and early Altai. When pinched, the stem stops growing in length, but side shoots begin to grow, female flowers bloom on them.

Branches that grow on side branches are pinched over the first cucumber. Cut off dead and yellow leaves. All this is done in the morning, so that by the evening the resulting media will dry up.

When to pick fruits

Cucumbers planted in the Moscow region begin to be harvested at the end of July. Cucumbers are harvested from grown bushes early in the morning 1 time in 2-3 days, then in a day. In the morning, cucumbers are carefully torn off from the grown lashes, trying not to pull the lashes. You can not shift the whip when collecting fruits. Do not leave large yellow cucumbers on the bushes, otherwise the bush will receive a signal that the seeds have grown and it is time to stop growing.

Growing cucumbers in the open ground in the Moscow region has its own nuances, but in any case, planting requires watering, fertilizing, pulling out weeds, loosening the soil after each watering and rains.

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