Fusarium wilt of tomatoes: treatment and prevention

If you are sure that your site has Fusarium wilt of tomatoes, treatment should be carried out as soon as possible, otherwise the crop may be completely lost. The cause of Fusarium wilt or simply Fusarium is the development of the Fusarium fungus inside the vascular system of tomato plants. Blocking the conducting system of a plant will inevitably lead to its death, so it is important to be attentive to the plants in your garden, and if necessary, take urgent measures.

Fusariosis identification

The disease is identified by the yellowing of the lower leaves with whitish veins, then dark spots appear on themThe upper leaves look wilted, twisted, the plants are oppressed. On the cut, the vessels are hard, brown. Fusarium must be distinguished from phytophthora, which is manifested by blackening of the fruit first, and then the leaves. In general, late blight is more common in open ground, and fusarium is more common in greenhouses.

Fusariosis prevention

The fungus spreads easily when pinching indeterminate tomatoes. Spores are present in greenhouse and garden soils if crop turnover is not observed. The disease can appear on the site if the soil is treated with a tool (hoes, shovels, rakes) that contains particles of infected soil. A special development of the disease occurs in humid and warm weather, with significant amplitudes of day and night temperatures, in dense plantings of tomatoes. The smallest spores of the fungus may be present on tomato seeds.

In this regard, the following preventive measures should be observed:

1. Observe crop rotation. Do not grow tomatoes in one place, you can return them no earlier than after 3 years. Do not plant tomatoes after peppers, eggplant, potatoes. The best predecessors are plants from the legume, pumpkin, cabbage, haze family.
2. Burn tomato leaves at the end of the season.
3. Digging the soil deep in the garden in autumn.
4. Clean the instrument with disinfectants before each use, including pinching scissors.
5. Steam the soil in the greenhouse and before sowing seedlings. Effective watering the soil with a solution of potassium permanganate.
6. To obtain seedlings, sow disinfected seeds. To do this, use a solution of potassium permanganate - soak the seeds for 20 minutes, heating the seeds at 50 ^{oC for 15-20 minutes.}
7. Remove diseased lower leaves on plants.
8. In the greenhouse, maintain an even relative humidity of 60-70%, without jumps in one direction or another.

Treatment of Fusarium with chemicals

Fusariosis of tomatoes is easy to defeat with the help of well-known chemicals, and modern fungicides, all the more so, show very high activity against the Fusarium fungus. Let's analyze the chemicals from simple to complex:

• boric acid - 1 tsp. powder is dissolved in a bucket of water. Plants are watered with a solution under the root;
• lime - in the fall, 100 g of lime is applied per 1 m2^2;
• Trichodermin - biofungicide, effective against a variety of fungal plant diseases. Its analogue is Gliocladin. Trichodermin can be applied to the soil in the form of a powder before planting seedlings, or the soil can be shed with a solution of this drug.Vegetating plants can be sprayed every two weeks. In addition to Trichodermin and Gliocladin, biofungicides Fitosporin M and Alirin B, Baktofit, Gamair, Pseudobacterin-2, Sternifag, Trichoderma Veride are effective;

• Quadris is a highly effective fungicide against a complex of fungal diseases of tomatoes in open and protected ground;
• Optimo is a highly effective modern drug against rot complex;
• Previkur Energy - water under each bush with a 0.15% solution of the drug;
• Baileton - spray diseased plants, observing a waiting period of up to 20 days - do not spray less than 20 days before harvest;

Treatment of Fusarium with folk remedies

Ash helps to cope with Fusarium. It is good to mix ash with colloidal sulfur and apply to the soil after harvesting and removing tomato tops in September. Other folk remedies for spraying tomatoes:

• for 1 liter of milk take 25 g of grated laundry soap and 35 drops of iodine solution;
• chop a head of garlic with a knife or on a grater, pour 1 liter of warm water, insist one day. The infusion is added with water up to 10 l;
• 1 glass of wood ash pour 2 liters of water, add 1 tbsp. l. grated laundry soap. Infuse the mixture for two days;
• for 7 parts of water take 1 part of warm whey, spray without insisting;
• watering and spraying plants with a decoction of onion peel.

In addition to spraying and preventive measures, the application of Effekton-O liquid fertilizer helps to cope with Fusarium.

Tomato varieties resistant to Fusarium

Modern achievements of breeders have made significant progress in overcoming Fusarium at the genetic level, do not neglect them.Breeding selection has helped to select lines that show natural resistance to Fusarium fungus attack. Currently, the following varieties are entered into the state register, showing high resistance to Fusarium:

• for open ground: Bobcat, Aggressor, Azhlun, Biathlon, Abundant, Imran, Iskander, Kalista, Red Style, Kendras, Lapillo, Sir Elian;
• for indoors: Aramis, Ashdod, Belogorsk cream, Graceful, Ingrit, Intuition, Campari, Rihanna, Agen.

Thus, Fusarium wilt of tomatoes is necessary and possible to treat, but it is better to use a set of preventive measures and prevent the development of the disease. Careful attention to plants will help to avoid problems with diseases.

The use of folk remedies is generally preferable to the use of highly effective chemicals.Folk remedies can be used often and without regard to the timing of harvesting - this is their main advantage over chemical preparations. However, if the disease becomes widespread, treatment with a highly effective chemical agent is necessary.

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