How to plant garlic correctly: preparing the beds, processing and green manure

To get a good harvest, you need to know how to plant garlic correctly. It is worth considering that the methods of planting this plant crop depend on its variety. But in any case, before all the manipulations, it will be necessary to prepare the beds for garlic. The bed must be prepared in advance, because for the favorable growth of the plant, not only temperature is necessary, but also soil fertility, soil structure, crop rotation.

Terms for planting winter and spring garlic

Before you start planting garlic, you need to decide on its variety. Each of them will have their own terms, landing norms.Spring varieties are planted in spring, and winter varieties in autumn. Winter crops will sprout earlier, and accordingly will yield faster. Winter heads are much larger than spring heads, but they are inferior in their keeping quality. The spring variety keeps well, but its bulbs are slightly smaller. Many summer residents recommend growing both types in order to fully provide themselves with this useful vegetable for the whole year.

Winter varieties of garlic should be planted no earlier than 1-1.5 months before the onset of stable cold weather. If this condition was not met, the plant will sprout earlier, and the seedlings will freeze under the influence of negative temperatures. Spring varieties are planted in mid-spring: in the second half of March, early April. Active growth of the culture will be observed when the temperature is set at 18-20 degrees. Garlic should be planted with cloves, after 3 weeks the seed will take root.

Choosing a place for a bed for garlic

In order for the plant to give a good harvest, it is necessary not only to properly prepare the seed, but also to choose the site correctly. For this plant culture, the sun and the presence of a moderate amount of moisture are very important. It is not recommended to plant a plant crop in the shade of trees and shrubs, as in this case the garlic will not have enough sunlight. If the bed is located in a wet area, it should be made higher to ensure a full outflow of excess moisture.

Also, when choosing a place, it is necessary to take into account the principles of crop rotation. For several years in a row, this plant crop cannot be planted in the same area. The best option is to plant the plant in its original place after 5 years, the minimum period can be reduced to 3 years. It is best to plant garlic in the place of growth of cucumbers, peppers, zucchini, cabbage, beans. Spring varieties feel great on loam, and winter varieties on sandy loam.

Is it possible to plant garlic grown older than the required period and where? Harvesting must be carried out on time, but if the crop is "overripe", it should not be used as a seed. It does not matter where the landing is planned.

How to prepare a bed for garlic?

To get a good quality crop, you need to properly prepare the beds before planting. During the preparation of the beds for garlic, special attention should be paid to the disinfection of the soil. This procedure helps to protect the plant from most pathologies. Most often, tillage is carried out using the following compositions:

antiseptic Acrobat;
antiseptic Radomil Gold;
antifungal drug Fitosporin;
antimycotic composition Topsin-M.

A solution of copper sulphate, a saturated solution of potassium permanganate can also be used. For this purpose, many summer residents use a liquid prepared from a bucket of water and 100 grams of the Brodo mixture. Also, a solution prepared from 1 liter of water, a gram of boric acid, a similar amount of potassium permanganate, copper sulfate shows high efficiency.

Preparing the ground for garlic

There are general requirements for preparing the soil for planting garlic for spring and winter varieties. Among them are:

if the soil is clayey, it is required to add 1 bucket of sand or peat per 1 square meter;
in situations where the ground is sandy, it must be mixed with 2 buckets of clay soil, 1 bucket of peat per 1 square meter;
if peat soil prevails, 1 bucket of sand and a similar amount of loamy soil should be added to it.

To increase the fertility rate, you need to fertilize the land with organic substances. How to fertilize the ground before planting garlic? For this, humus, compost is perfect. In 1 bucket of the selected organic matter, chalk or dolomite flour is added in the amount of 1 cup, 1 cup of wood ash, 2 tablespoons of potassium sulfate. It is necessary to distribute the prepared fertilizer on the uncultivated soil. If earlier, when growing a different crop, manure was already applied, such tillage is not required.

Form a bed

Measures to prepare the beds for planting garlic include digging the soil. At the same time, the necessary fertilizers are evenly distributed in accordance with the recommended proportions. Further, the earth is dug up, while a depth equal to the spade bayonet should be observed. During digging, you need to immediately form a ridge.The optimal dimensions are considered to be a width of 1 meter and a height of 20 centimeters.

How far apart should the rows be on the garlic bed? The optimal distance between rows is a gap of 30 centimeters.

During digging, weeds must be removed immediately so that they do not interfere with the growth of the planted crop. Then the soil is loosened in order to enrich the earth with oxygen.

Give time for soil shrinkage

After loosening, it is necessary to allow the soil to settle a little. It usually takes 14 days. Soil settlement will allow landing to the distance planned during planting: that is, the teeth will not be buried above the norm.

To make the soil settle more actively, it should be watered. The introduction of the necessary moisture will accelerate the settling process by 1.5 times. In rainy weather, the watering procedure should be abandoned.

Tilling the soil

How to cultivate the soil from the moment the teeth are planted? Many summer residents recommend processing the beds, taking into account the following recommendations. For winter varieties, mineral fertilizers are applied at the end of summer, which include organic components. The optimal time for this: the second half of August. Also at this time, the cultivation of green manure for garlic is recommended.

Digging up the soil, watering.
After planting, mustard seeds are sown between the rows.
By the time you need to plant the seed, the greens will sprout. Between its rows and you will need to plant teeth.

A couple of days before transplanting into the ground, urea is distributed over the ridges: 0.5 tablespoon of the product is applied per 1 square meter. If at the same time the weather is dry, it is necessary to organize watering of the beds.

To prepare a bed for a spring variety, all manipulations need to be started at the end of October. At the same time, urea is not required to be applied, since nitrogenous fertilizers will be redundant in the autumn period. It is best to distribute this preparation on the soil in early spring.

How to prepare garlic for planting?

Many summer residents say: "I am preparing garlic seeds for planting in the fall." This approach to the preparation of seed material is correct, since the harvested fresh crop of the spring variety will be an excellent basis for the formation of new strong plant crops. Spring garlic cloves are strong, so full-fledged plants grow from them, giving a rich harvest. That is why many summer residents are engaged in the cultivation of spring varieties to obtain not only a he althy vegetable, but also seed for the next year.

Disassemble the head into teeth

To get a good harvest, you need to understand: what material to leave for planting. The first step is to inspect the bulb: it should not have any damage. Further, the head is disassembled into slices, while it is necessary to pay attention to the size of the clove. For planting, it is better to take large, dense teeth, as they can form a he althy full-fledged plant. If the summer resident decides to use garlic cloves of a variety that does not release shooters for planting, preference should be given to the cloves located outside.

Disinfect garlic

The selected planting material is soaked for 24 hours in a 0.1% solution of potassium permanganate. Also, for disinfection, you can use a 1% solution of copper sulphate. At the end of the specified period, the teeth become completely ready for planting.

Proper planting of single cloves of garlic

Garlic should be planted on formed beds, maintaining a distance between the teeth of 15 centimeters. If the summer resident has a small plot, it is allowed to use the method of two-tier planting of garlic. It is as follows:

A stick is taken, on which the height of 6 and 13 centimeters is marked.
In the bed prepared in advance, with its help, a recess of 13 centimeters is made.
A clove is placed in the hole, and then it is sprinkled with earth until the depth is reduced to 6 centimeters.
Then another clove is placed.

The hole is sprinkled with rotted compost. The distance between the holes should also be 15 centimeters.

1. Making holes

We sit on the prepared bed, mark the distance between the holes for planting garlic: it should be 15 centimeters. The recess can be done with your fingers. You can also use a stick on which the depth is marked, which is in the range of 3-15 centimeters. In this case, the boarding process will be simplified.

2. Burying the garlic cloves

After the garlic is fully prepared for planting, it is laid out in previously measured holes. It is not worth pressing the planting material into the soil, as this will cause compaction of the earth, a strong deepening of the teeth, which will lead to the late formation of the root system. The best option would be an easy position of the tooth inside the hole.

3. Working the land

If the preparation of the soil, the soil for planting garlic was complete, additional cultivation of the land after planting the planting material is not required. If the soil is dry, it should be cultivated by arranging watering with a pink solution of potassium permanganate.

4. Falling asleep pits

Garlic deepened into the soil should be sprinkled with rotted compost. Fresh manure cannot be used for these purposes, as it will provoke the development of fungal diseases.

What green manure is sown under garlic? The best green manures for garlic are mustard and phacelia. However, they should be sown 2.5-3 months before planting garlic. 3 weeks before the flowering of grasses, they should be mowed and dug up with plenty of soil. Such treatment will not only disinfect the earth, but also protect the plant from the nematode.

5. Mulching the garden bed

When growing winter garlic, the beds should be covered with a 3-5 cm layer of mulch. When spring comes, the covering material remains to rot, while the summer resident needs to remove only the large mulch necessary to keep the snow on the ridges.This treatment increases crop yields by enriching the soil with nutrients.

Mulching spring garlic when planting in early spring activates the growth and development of the plant during the growing season. In this case, an important thing must be observed: the mulch should be light, for example, straw. This covering material will help:

weed growth retardation;
keep moisture;
frost protection;
increase soil air permeability;
increase soil moisture permeability;
increasing the fertility of the land.

Mulching should be abandoned only in the rainy season, as mulch contributes to the accumulation of moisture. Because of this, a favorable environment is formed for the development of fungal, bacterial diseases.If the mulch has been laid, but the summer becomes rainy, the covering material must be discarded. In this case, part of the mulch from the planted garlic is removed with a shovel and sent to the compost pit to get humus.