Amur grapes: variety description, planting and care, propagation by cuttings with photo

Amur grapes have many positive qualities in their characteristics. The variety is frost-resistant, so cultivation is possible not only in the southern, but also in the northern regions. The main thing is to follow the recommendations for planting and caring for the crop, and it is also important to create the recommended conditions for development. Berries contain many healing components in their composition, therefore they benefit human he alth.

Variety description

The progenitor of the Amur grape is the wild Amur liana.As a result of selection, a variety was obtained that endures severe frosts, retaining taste and sweetness. The description of the variety indicates that the culture is characterized by average boundaries of crop ripening. The berries are eaten fresh and are also used to make alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks.

Amur white grapes are distinguished by their berries, which are round in shape, yellow in color and weigh about 4 g. One bunch can contain many berries, so the weight reaches 800 g. It begins to ripen at the end of August.

There are several varieties of the variety: Voldemar, Triumph, Golden Potapenko, Breakthrough and New Early Russian.

They have different ripening dates, from the last days of August to the end of September. The clusters of each variety are formed in different shapes and weigh from 300 to 700 g. The color of the berries is also different. For example, Black Amur grapes are characterized by dark purple round berries.

Properties

Grapes contain a whole vitamin-mineral complex, which includes calcium, zinc, iron, magnesium, and organic acids. Based on the fruits and leaves of grapes, various healing tinctures are made.

Healing properties possessed by Amur grapes:

normalizes blood sugar levels;
normalizes blood pressure;
promotes the improvement of the cardiovascular system;
removes toxins and restores liver function;
the composition includes a phytohormone that keeps all internal organs in good shape and increases the body's defenses;
cope with inflammatory foci in the body.

It will be possible to achieve the desired therapeutic effect on the body only if the product is regularly eaten for 2.5 months.

Calories

The pulp of the fruit contains monosaccharides in the form of fructose and sucrose, so grapes satisfy hunger and replenish energy expended. 100 g of white grapes contains 45 kcal, in red varieties there are more calories - 65 kcal. The amount of carbohydrates is 17 g. Grapes do not contribute to weight gain, but whet the appetite.

Benefits and harms

All the useful components that make up grapes determine its benefits for the human body. Organic acids cleanse the body and remove toxins. The benefits of grapes will be felt in diseases of the blood, organs of the upper respiratory tract, as well as nervous and physical overload.

Contained monosaccharides activate the work of the digestive organs, promote the secretion of saliva, all this contributes to an increase in appetite. For those who have a goal to lose weight, this product is not suitable.Amur grapes are contraindicated in diseases of the digestive tract. You can not eat it with gastritis, ulcerative formations, colitis.

Acidity

The berries taste sour, but there is also a sweet and sour taste. Sugar contains about 12%. The composition of the berries contains organic acids in the amount of 8-9%. These are mainly citric, oxalic and malic acids.

Characteristics of berries and bush

Amursky grape liana looks powerful, its diameter reaches 22 cm. It is able to braid any support that is nearby, rising up to 30 meters. Shoots develop quickly, in a year they can grow up to 2.5 meters. The leaves are large, 27 cm in diameter, with coarsely carved edges. The shape of the leaves is found three-lobed, oblong-oval, round.

Round berries (up to 1.5 cm in diameter) are covered with a thin, but strong dark cherry or yellow skin. The pulp is juicy, with a sweet and sour taste. The clusters are large, conical, weighing 700 g.

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

The advantages of the variety include the following characteristics:

ability to quickly recover from damage;
vines are durable and can withstand heavy loads;
Frost resistance down to -39 degrees allows you to harvest even in cold areas;
the pulp of the berries is juicy, with a sweet aftertaste, contains many useful substances;
variety resistant to grape diseases;
care is minimal, does not require much time and effort.

The plant is tall, so the yield is average. It is mandatory to carry out annual pruning, otherwise the culture will cease to bear fruit.

Landing

The Amur grapes are planted in October or April. In order for the culture to adapt faster and develop well, the soil must be slightly acidic, light and fertile. You need to choose a bright place on the site, protected from through winds. It is also possible to grow grapes from seeds and cuttings.

Ground water should not flow closer than 2.5 meters. If groundwater flows too close to the ground, the roots will rot and the berries will crack.

It is important to know how to plant grapes. Cuttings are planted at a distance of 1 meter from each other. Pits are dug 65 cm deep. Be sure to fill up the drainage, then make a fertile layer of mineral and organic components (compost, humus, superphosphate, potassium sulfate are suitable).

Care

Crop care is minimal. It is important to observe the established watering regime, fertilize on time and do not forget to cut the shoots. Grapes show resistance to diseases and pests, but experienced gardeners still carry out preventive treatment.

Irrigation

Abundant and frequent watering is necessary only for young grape bushes. The first watering is carried out even before the seedlings are planted. The dug hole is plentifully watered with warm water. After a week, watering is repeated. Watering is also required before and after flowering.

A trench is dug around the trunk, into which water is poured. You can not water the grapes to the very root. To keep moisture in the soil for a long time and not evaporate, mulching is carried out with moss, sawdust, straw, peat.

Feeding

In the first years, every spring, it is recommended to apply nitrogen fertilizers to the soil, in summer complex compositions, and in autumn potassium-phosphorus components are suitable.

Cutting

Since Amur grapes are vigorous, it is imperative to carry out an annual formation. It is enough to leave one or two of the strongest shoots, cutting off to the fifth eye.In the future, perennial branches will depart from the central shoot. Shoots that form on perennial branches should be pruned regularly.

Preventive treatment

Amur grapes rarely get sick, especially good immunity against mildew and oidium. Resistance to adverse factors increases if vines are trimmed on time and correctly. For the treatment of grape bushes for prophylactic purposes, drugs such as Quadris, Bordeaux liquid, Acrobat MC are used.

Methods of reproduction

Reproduction of Amur grapes is carried out by seeds, cuttings or seedlings. Seeds are bought from trusted sellers. They are best planted in the fall. The depth of the hole is 16 mm. Shoots should appear within a month. Seed-grown grapes have basic characteristics that appeal to some gardeners. Cuttings and seedlings are planted in spring or autumn. The distance between plants should not be less than 2 meters. The vine begins to bear fruit only in the 7-8th year after planting.