Fuji apples: description of varieties and varieties, fruiting and cultivation

Japanese selection of fruit crops has led to the appearance of Fuji apples on our market. They have earned recognition for their excellent taste, long shelf life. The culture is characterized by late flowering, abundant fruiting. A popular apple tree in China, Japan gave impetus to the creation of hybrids and spread throughout the world. The variety can be grown by anyone in their summer cottage.

Fuji variety description

Many people know the description of Fuji fruits. But this is what a tree looks like, the features of its structure are not known to everyone.

Historical data on the creation of the variety

Fuji's qualities are based on the best characteristics of Red Delicious and Rolls Janet apple trees. The apple tree is named after the Fujisaki area where it was born. The culture quickly spread around the world, and now it is cultivated in the gardens of Europe, Asia and America.

Useful properties of fruits

Red Fuji apples are good for humans. Especially it is necessary to include more fruits in the menu for those who want to lose weight. To increase immunity, stabilize the level of cholesterol in the blood, there is nothing better than apples. Fruits help to cope with anemia, gout, improve the condition of bones, heart muscle. They are useful for strengthening the nervous system, stabilizing sleep.

Product calories

Fuji fruits contain the most carbohydrates. Calorie content per 100 grams of apples reaches 70 kcal. Most of all in the fruits of fiber, pectin.

Chemical composition

The benefits of apples are related to the vitamins they contain:

retinol;
ascorbic acid;
pyridoxine;
pantothenic acid;
folic acid.

There is a lot of iodine, iron in the fruits, enough magnesium, calcium, phosphorus.

Taste

The taste of Fuji apples is peculiar. In crispy white pulp, notes of real apple flavor are felt. There are very sweet fruits, where the sugar is diluted with a small amount of acid. There are specimens with a high content of acids. But the taste is harmonious in any fruit of the variety. And the aroma of apples is indescribable.

Similar products

There are foods similar to Fuji apples. They are the fruit of varieties of the cultivar. This is both Kiku and Fuji Aztec. Many consider these apples to be clones of the main variety.

Negative consequences of drinking

Rarely apples are contraindicated. This only happens when a person has gastritis. The fiber of the fruit will negatively affect the gastric mucosa, causing heaviness, nausea. It is harmful for diabetics to eat a lot of apples because of the high content of carbohydrates in them. Fruit juice has a negative effect on tooth enamel, destroying it.

Fuji Cuisine

Desserts can be made from apple varieties. Fruit pairs well with other fruits. They are added to salads, baked goods are prepared on their basis. They get tasty and he althy juice from apples, puree for baby food.

Characteristic

In addition to the excellent quality of the fruit, Fuji has an interesting tree structure. It can become a decoration of the garden due to its original crown, green bright foliage, bright fruits.

Features of the variety

Fuji's main feature is apples. They:

round-cylindrical shape;
covered with thin elastic skin;
with subcutaneous light dots;
pale yellow or greenish base color;
completely blushed;
weighing from 140 to 210 grams.

The seeds inside the apples are light brown, medium in size, and are in narrow cavities.

Tree height

In height, this tree reaches an impressive size, from 6 to 9 meters. The main shoots depart from the trunk at a right angle. They are covered with brownish bark with a grayish down. The trunk bark is slightly wrinkled, covered with small lenticels.

Crown width

Shoots form a dense crown. It can take the form of a ball, pyramid, depending on the formation of the crown by trimming. Each year, the growth of shoots is up to 60 centimeters in width and height.

Growing areas

Although the variety is zoned for Asian countries, it is successfully grown by gardeners in Ukraine and Belarus. In the south, apples are harvested sweeter than in the northern regions. It is best for a temperate climate to choose Fuji hybrids that have time to ripen in the Central region, the Volga region.

Yields

Fructification of an apple tree can be abundant one year, and much less the next. After all, a high harvest depletes the apple tree, and it needs rest. It is best to transfer the tree to an average yield. Do this by thinning the ovaries. Then the fruits are received annually. These apples taste great and last longer in winter.

Winter hardiness

The apple tree of Japanese selection is referred to as winter-hardy crops. The tree tolerates frosts within 20-25 degrees below zero. But the culture will not survive extreme cold. But Fuji hybrids are more resistant to low temperatures.

Resistant to diseases and pests

Fuji apple tree has medium immunity to scab. Therefore, most often planting crops cannot resist infection with powdery mildew. There is also such a pathology as a bacterial burn. Among the pests of the apple tree are aphids, codling moth, leafworm. Needed for the prevention of plant treatment with Bordeaux liquid, a solution of copper sulfate. Pests are controlled by spraying with insecticidal preparations.

Lifespan

Culture is characterized by a period of life of half a century. But the tree actively bears fruit for 30 years. Apple yields decline as they age.

Planting and care

Fruit crops need careful care for a full vegetation. An important role is played by the date of planting the apple tree, preparation for the event.

Planting seedlings

Fuji apple tree seedlings for the garden are selected 1- or 2-year-old. They must have a root system, a trunk without damage, 2-3 branches. Prepare a landing site with loose soil in advance. Apple trees love the sun, open places. But they are dangerous exposure to cold winds.

Timing

In autumn, apple trees should be planted in the first decade of October. If planted later, they may not survive the winter due to weakness.

In the spring, planting is done when the snow melts and warm weather sets in. But the buds should not yet open at this time.

Technology

Dig planting holes in the selected area in advance, no later than 3-4 weeks before planting.The diameter of the pit should be within 80-90 centimeters, the depth - 50-60 centimeters. Before the procedure, fertilizers are added to the pit, mixed with the ground: manure, superphosphate, potassium s alt, ammonium nitrate.

If the soil is heavy, clayey, add sand or drainage.

In the middle, a mound of humus is poured. An apple tree is planted in it. Put in the middle, straightening the roots. Then the soil is poured. After filling the pit, they look so that the basal neck is 4-5 centimeters above the ground.

Distance

The gap between the plants must be respected, otherwise they will begin to shade each other, and the roots will not have enough food. Depending on the height of the tree, the distance between the apple trees is also selected. An ordinary tree 6 meters high requires a distance of 4 meters from a neighbor. Dwarfs and semi-dwarfs are quite 2-3 meters.

Pollination and pollinators

For Fuji to be pollinated, it needs more insects in the garden during flowering. The variety needs neighbors to help pollinate the apple tree. These include apple trees Granny Smith, Red Delicious, Idared, Gala. Cultures begin to bloom at the same time. And Fuji also participates in the pollination of nearby trees.

Growing

Apple trees planted on fertile, loose soils grow successfully if they are properly cared for immediately after planting. In addition to watering, you need to mulch the trunk circle with peat, humus or compost. Then, digging it up in the spring, they feed the apple trees. Fruiting is also affected by tree pruning. It can be formative, sanitary, rejuvenating.

Agricultural activities

When comfortable conditions are created for a tree, it will soon turn into a tree with a powerful trunk and a strong root system. And the fruiting of the variety will be annual and high. The agricultural technology of the apple tree includes activities for:

irrigation;
fertilizer;
trimming;
treatment from diseases and pests;
preparing for winter.

Every season, agrotechnical activities are carried out to improve the vegetation of the crop.

Pruning trees

The main methods of pruning a young tree include shortening and thinning. Annual shoots need to be shortened so that the crown is more branched, has a rounded shape. It is necessary to remove part of the branches by a third of the length of the annual growth. Every year the degree of pruning decreases, and if the growth has reached only 30 centimeters, then they do not touch it.

As soon as the tree begins to bear fruit, they only thin out the crown, brightening it. The procedure is also carried out in order to turn the growth shoots into fruit-bearing ones.

Features of ripening and fruiting

To properly care for a tree, you need to know about the characteristics of the ripening and fruiting of the Fuji apple tree. All varieties have different growing seasons, they bloom at the same time. This is taken into account when caring for plants.

Beginning of fruiting

Usually a varietal fruit crop begins to bear fruit in the 4th year of life. If it is grown on dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstocks, then the fruits appear 1-2 years earlier. The maximum yield is obtained from an apple tree aged 10 years. They maintain this state by carrying out agrotechnical measures, rejuvenating plantings.

Flowering

Snow white flowers usually appear on Fuji in late April to mid-May. Terms vary depending on climatic conditions of cultivation, weather. Flowering will begin massively when the air temperature is within 15-20 degrees Celsius for several days.The flowering period of Fuji lasts 1-2 weeks. If the weather turns cool, it will drag on for several days.

Vegetation

Note the duration of the growing season in a variety of Japanese selection. After all, starting to come to life in early spring, the tree develops completely in October-November, when the leaves fall. Once again, the weather can intervene. When summers are hot and dry, apples ripen faster. In cool weather, the development of plants, the final vegetation cycle will last until mid-November. At the same time, the growth of wood is delayed, the root system begins to strengthen, preparing for winter.

Fruit ripening time

Fuji apple tree belongs to late winter species. The fruits of the plant reach ripeness only in October. The degree of readiness of apples is determined by the intense coloring of the fruit. After harvesting, apples achieve the best taste after they lie indoors.They become sweeter, sourness disappears from the pulp.

Varieties of Fuji

Since the variety belongs to vigorous crops, not everyone will be able to allocate space for such a powerful tree. Hence the appearance of subspecies of the variety. It is best to choose Fuji on dwarf and columnar rootstocks.

Dwarf

To create medium-sized trees, rootstocks of dwarf and semi-dwarf apple trees are taken. Such work leads to the fact that the tree:

reaches a height of 2-3 meters;
occupies a small area of the garden;
begins to bear fruit 3 years after planting;
gives abundant harvests at 10 years of age.

The apple tree is easier to care for, and the compact crown allows more trees to be planted, increasing the variety's productivity.

Columnar

Columns of Fuji apple trees, hung with bright red fruits, look interesting. The subspecies also begins to bear fruit at the 2-3rd year of life, and already at the age of 7 it consistently produces fruit crops. Planting of columnar apple trees is carried out at a distance of half a meter from each other, which is important for gardeners with small plots.

Hybrids

Breeders are working with the Fuji apple tree to keep the taste and quality of the fruit unchanged, as well as to reduce the growing season, increase the winter hardiness of the crop. Now you can choose to grow the apple hybrid that is suitable for a particular area.

Aztec

Apple tree bred in New Zealand. She begins to bear fruit a little earlier than the "parent". Apples are harvested in September. They are red in color with juicy, sweet and sour pulp.

Kiku

One of the best Fuji clones also ripens 2-3 weeks earlier. Apples with a pink blush reach a mass of 200-250 grams. Fruits are valued for aroma, excellent taste. The tree is medium-sized, early-growing.

Yataka

Also, the apple tree bears fruit earlier than the main variety by 2-3 weeks. Differs in large, 250-300 grams, fruits. A vigorous species is often overloaded, so it needs thinning of the ovaries. It is best grown on dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstocks. The plant suffers from weak immunity to fungal infections.

Red (Nagafu)

At the end of September, apples reach technical maturity. The tree is famous for its bright red fruits weighing 300 grams. Apples can be used fresh, they are suitable for harvesting.Fruits tolerate transportation well and are stored for a long time. The subspecies is distinguished by resistance to frost.

Toshiro

One of the vigorous tree species endures low temperatures. The apple tree bears fragrant, tasty fruits. They are also beautiful in appearance: pink-red, decorated with light subcutaneous dots.

Raku Raku

The variety is close to Golden Delicious in terms of fruiting. Large apples are valued for their tender juicy flesh, sweet taste with a slight sourness. The only drawback of the variety is the lack of self-fertility. Without pollinators, there will be no ovaries on the tree. The apple tree is resistant to scab, but often suffers from powdery mildew.

Benny Shogun

From the Yataka apple tree, a hybrid was obtained by Japanese breeders.The main color of the fruit is green, but with a bright blush over the entire surface. In fruits, the weight reaches 350 grams. They note not only that they have excellent taste, but also do not crack. The tree endures the winter cold.

Storage and transportation of fruits

Fuji's late winter variety is famous for its long shelf life of apples. With properly organized storage, they can lie for a year. In winter, they are transported over long distances, supplying the population of the northern regions with fresh fruits. This is one of the best varieties that has excellent keeping quality and transportability.