Pear varieties: description of summer, autumn and winter, which ones are better to choose from a photo

Among horticultural crops, the pear ranks second in popularity after the apple tree. The cultivation of the plant occurred after the selection of wild pear growing in the forests of the European part, Central Asia, and the Caucasus was successful. Now gardeners are offered a large selection of pear varieties of both summer, autumn and winter types.

Summer varieties of pears

Pears that ripen in summer have a number of advantages over other types of fruit crops. They are self-fertile, although there are varieties that require pollination.Most of all, the summer culture of those varieties that give early harvests and begin to bear fruit in the 5th year of the tree's life. Therefore, they are called precocious.

Different varieties:

• prevalence in a particular region, from southern to northern regions;
• various fruit shapes;
• their keeping quality;
• sweet or sour taste of fruits, their astringency;
• tree growth, crown shape.

For the best choice of tree for the garden, it is more convenient to study varieties alphabetically.

August dew

As a result of crossing Tenderness with Pakgam's Triumph, the pear turned out with:

• bark smooth gray;
• spreading branches, slightly drooping, curved;
• fruits are sweet, covered with delicate and thin skin.

The plant reaches a height of 10 meters in adulthood. Culture is valued for the fact that it rarely gets sick, easily tolerates winter cold, and blooms quickly in spring.

Bashkir Summer

The tree begins to bear fruit in the 6th year of life, and in July the fruits already appear on the branches. Tart, fine-grained flesh is slightly loose, but does not spoil for a long time. The tree has a pyramidal crown, so it can become a decoration of the site. The variety is suitable for growing not only in the southern regions, but also with a temperate climate.

A positive characteristic is that the plant is resistant to major diseases, yields annually, up to 16 kilograms.

Whiteleaf

Pears with consistently good yields have many benefits. These include both frost resistance and moderate disease resistance. Fruits with yellowish skin and juicy, dense pulp reach technical ripeness in the last month of summer.The only downside is that you can't store pears for a long time. They begin to deteriorate after 10 days.

Bere Gif.webpfard

For the southern regions, a variety with wonderful reddish fruits that hang in bunches of 2-5 pieces each is especially suitable. The brightness of pears is combined with the tenderness and juiciness of the pulp, hiding under a thin skin. The fruits can not be picked immediately, they hang for a long time and do not deteriorate on the branches. Shoots often have to be tied up so that they do not break under the weight of a rich harvest.

Everything is beautiful in the plant: a rare crown with curved thin branches, and a smooth trunk 10 meters high, and oblong green leaves.

Victoria

Harvest varieties are represented by Victoria pear. And not without reason, because up to 150 kilograms of fruits are harvested from an adult tree. They are suitable for making jams, preserves, compotes.After harvesting in August-September, it is better to immediately process sweet and juicy pears, because they cannot be stored for a long time. They will begin to spoil after 3 days, and on a tree after a week.

Duchesse

One of the popular pears. Its fruits are recognizable, as they are sweet and tender, juicy, with a thin skin. Greenish-yellow, they reach a weight of 150 grams. And they are stored for a long time, and hang ripe on the branches, without falling off and without spoiling. The tree of English selection is suitable for small gardens. It has a compact crown, consisting of spreading thin branches. The plant can tolerate frost. And also not exposed to pathogenic fungi. Of the pests, aphids are the most dangerous.

Carmen

This pear variety is common in central Russia. With a tree height of 5-6 meters, a pyramidal-narrow crown, the plant is interesting with reddish leaves, a curved plate of them, neatly folded.The short, pear-shaped fruit is of medium size. As it matures, the skin turns red and then turns brown. It shows a large number of inclusions. The white, semi-oily flesh is juicy and palatable, with a predominance of sugar and little acidity.

Cathedral

The variety was bred by scientists of the Timiryazev Academy by crossing the Forest Beauty with Duchesse. In a medium-sized tree, the branches are directed upwards. On reddish-brown shoots, leaves with pointed tips are painted light green.

The mass of pear fruits is small, within 100-120 grams. They have a classic shape with a bumpy surface. Under the delicate, slightly oily skin lies a white flesh. The color of the fruit is from greenish to light yellow with a blush spilled over the surface. The taste of pears is estimated at 4 points. They ripen in August and are stored for 10 to 12 days.

Summer oily

Plant interesting:

• very tall;
• wide pyramidal crown;
• large yellowish fruits with blurry blush;
• fine-grained oily pulp;
• scab resistant.

Fruit ripening occurs at the end of summer, but pears are stored for 10 days.

Lemon

The variety of folk selection is common among gardeners in central Russia, the Volga region, and southern regions. Small yellow pears have a rounded shape. Covered with dry skin. The pulp is greenish, dense. The tree is distinguished by the width of the crown and a height of up to 5-6 meters. Thin branches are covered with dark green oval leaves, wavy at the edges.

Rogneda

Late summer crops are represented by Rogneda. A pear was obtained by crossing the Forest Beauty with the Theme. Due to the inheritance of qualities from a wild relative, the hybrid can easily endure frosts. A medium-sized tree with a compact crown fell in love with summer residents. It is preferred to be planted in the Moscow and Kaluga regions. The round pear is famous for the taste of fruits. They:

• with smooth thin skin;
• yellowish;
• weighing up to 140 grams;
• with numerous subcutaneous points;
• sweet, juicy.

Culture is valued for its resistance to low temperatures. Reaches consumer maturity in September and stored in a cool place for 2 months. It is better to pick pears unripe.

Sugar

The hybrid belongs to the crops of the southern selection. The fruits ripening at the end of July have an oblong-elongated shape. They hold well on the branches, rarely fall off. A diffuse blush appears on the yellowish skin during sunny days. The pulp is such that it melts in the mouth. Along with the sweetness, a taste of nutmeg is felt. They note the decorative effect of a low tree with a dense, well-leafy crown.

Severyanka

Culture was brought out in the middle of the last century, and it has spread everywhere, from the southern regions to the Urals and Siberia. For a tree, it is characteristic:

• fast growth rate;
• mixed fruiting;
• average crown dimensions;
• small fruits up to 80 grams in weight.

We fell in love with the pear for its juicy and crispy flesh with a wine-sweet taste. Let the fruits not be stored for a long time, but from one tree they can be harvested up to 20 kilograms.

Autumn

The advantage of pears ripening in autumn is their shelf life. Most of all, fruits need processing, so they should be tasty. It is autumn varieties that are suitable for making jam, compotes.

When fresh, they can remain and not deteriorate for 1.5-2 months.

Bere Moscow

The distribution area of the pear is Central. The culture is characterized by medium height, high growth rate of shoots. The fruits have a classic shape with slight asymmetry. Under the yellow skin with a scarlet blush hides white flesh, sweet and sour, juicy. Harvest in September, when the main color of the fruit becomes clear. Trees begin to bear fruit in the 3-4th year of life. The plant is distinguished by winter hardiness, resistance to scab, brown spotting.

Bryansk Beauty

The hybrid form is popular in the Chernozem region. A medium-sized tree with a narrow pyramidal crown and a trunk with burgundy smooth bark. Young leaves are the same color, but as they grow older, the plants turn green. The variety has large fruits of 300-450 grams. They are dark green at first, but then blush red.

They are famous for their oily pulp, very juicy, with a dessert taste and pleasant aroma. The culture is self-fertile.

Velesa

Culture obtained by crossing a wild pear with a varietal Venus. Note at the plant:

• medium height;
• branching of the crown at a young age and compact pyramidality in adulthood;
• medium foliage;
• presence of shoots, thick and long, curved.

Fruiting in a pear on ringlets. Fruit weight from 150 grams to 200. From above they are covered with a smooth, not bumpy skin of a greenish-yellow color. The creamy pulp has a semi-oily texture. The fruits of the dessert variety are used fresh and for preparations.

Vermont

The advantages of growing a variety include the fact that the hybrid:

• adapted to drought and low temperatures;
• gives good yields;
• famous for its delicious multipurpose dessert fruits.

Suitable for growing in the Central Federal District.

Red-sided

Pear is characterized by a medium-sized tree, up to 4 meters in height. The crown is sparse, with crooked brown branches. They have large light green leaves.It can be said about the fruits of the variety that they reach a weight of 150-180 grams, are painted green. As they mature, they become yellowish with a blush. The flesh is white with a sweet and sour taste. The purpose of the fruits is table.

Muscovite

The tree belongs to standard types with gray bark and a conical crown. The fruits are wide, pear-shaped. A blush is spilled on the skin of a yellowish-green. Sour-sweet fruits are fragrant, just melt in your mouth.

Marble

Pears ripen in early autumn and are suitable for planting in the Central and Volga-Vyatka regions. The color of the fruit is interesting: on a yellowish background of the skin, there are red spots in the form of a marble pattern. Medium-sized pears have a sweet taste. The structure of the pulp is coarse-grained. The hybrid is classified as a dessert species.

Otradnenskaya

Autumn pear is included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2000.The standard tree has a spreading crown, gray branches perpendicular to the trunk. Young shoots are covered with brown bark. Small pears weighing 80-120 grams with a smooth matte skin, a slightly pronounced blush is spilled on a yellowish surface. Taste qualities are estimated at 3.7-4 points.

In memory of Yakovlev

One of the common varieties in Russia is fast growing. A low tree with a rounded crown is distinguished by a high awakening of the kidneys. It is harvested during September. They reach 25 kilograms from one plant. With an average weight, pears with sweet pulp are used universally. They have no astringency, so they are happy to eat fresh.

Rix

Rix hybrid belongs to frost-resistant and fruitful types of culture. It gives fruits with a thin but dense skin, a slight blush on the side. The yellowish-pink flesh has a delicate and sweet taste.

Cheremshina

The culture was obtained back in 1960 at the Lviv Experimental Station. It is characterized by fast growth, narrow pyramidal crown. Fruits in the 5th year. The crop is harvested in October, but it reaches consumer maturity in a month. Pears weighing from 150 to 250 grams with a pleasant sweetish taste. The skin is greenish above, rusty.

Winter

Pears of the winter ripening type are suitable for long-term storage of fruits. Under the right conditions, they can be enjoyed until spring. They are plucked hard, but the taste of the pulp improves during storage. Fruits are rarely suitable for making juices, compotes. Another advantage of trees is that they are winter hardy. Late flowering prevents frost from negatively affecting fruiting.

Angelis

French breeding culture is famous for:

• large fruits of 300 grams;
• bronze fruit surface;
• fragrant and juicy pulp;
• regular fruiting.

The plant is resistant to scab and fire blight. Grows best with annual lightening of the crown by pruning.

Decanation

An analogue of Winter Duchess is very popular, because the pulp of the fruit is sweet, with a slight wine flavor, melts in your mouth. The skin is dense, thick, but tender. Fruits grow on a medium-sized tree for the 5-6th year of life. As frost-resistant plants tolerate cold down to -30 degrees, they develop better on fertile, light soils with moderate moisture.

Golden

A winter-type hybrid has a dessert purpose. Round fruits covered with dry greenish-yellow skin, sweet and sour in taste, with a spicy aroma.

Kondratievka

Yields annually until January. In pears weighing up to 200 grams, the pulp is oily, sweet. Fruiting begins in a medium-sized tree in the 4-5th year after planting. It belongs to the vigorous and well-leafed.

Conference

Popular tree for its unpretentiousness. It gives ripe fruits at the end of September. They are large and elongated. The variety is characterized by brown skin, astringency, sweetness of the pulp. The disadvantage of the pear is its exposure to low temperatures.

Cure

The pear is zoned in the southern regions, where it has been growing since ancient times. In vigorous trees, the crown can reach a diameter of 3.9 meters. Pear bears fruit on 3-year-old wood. Fruits reach a weight of 200-300 grams, there are specimens up to 500 grams. The hybrid is characterized by the color of the fruit green, eventually changing to yellowish.Characterized by a rusty stripe down the middle, from calyx to stem.

Lyra

Obtained by crossing Bere Zimnyaya, Forest beauty pear is famous for its large fruits, from 200 to 300 grams in weight. And their flesh is juicy, sweet with a slight sourness. Harvests ripen on tall trees with a crown of medium density, pyramidal type. The large-fruited pear gives stable yields, tolerates low temperatures, and is immune to scab.

Malvina

Fruit trees are resistant to frost, yielding up to 100 kilograms under good growing conditions. Yellow-green fruits of a rounded shape reach a mass of 180 grams. When removed from the branches, they are tart, but after maturing, the taste improves. Fresh, suitable for consumption until March.

Maria

The variety was bred by Belarusian breeders and selected as winter-hardy, productive, with quality fruits.A medium-sized tree with a pyramidal, wide crown at the age of 10 reaches a height of 3 meters. Pleases gardeners with juicy fruits weighing 300 grams or more. The yellowish surface is not rusty, but with dots of pink tan. The pulp is fine-grained, oily with a delicate taste, slight acidity.

November

Early winter pear of the Far Eastern selection grows into a strong tree with good branching, shoots extending straight from the trunk. Small fruits with irregularities are green with a large number of subcutaneous points. They have a pronounced aroma, sweet and sour taste.

Patriotic

Suitable culture for the southern regions, where it has been common for about 80 years. Fruits in the 5th year after planting. Harvested in October and stored in a cool place until March. The pear-shaped fruits are green at first, then turn yellow, and their taste improves.

Pass-Krasan

The popularity of French breeding culture is that:

1. The tree bears fruit in the 6th year of life.
2. High yields under good growing conditions.
3. Remove pears weighing up to 400 grams, and those grafted on quince - up to 700.
4. The surface of the skin is golden orange with rusty dots.
5. The taste of the pulp is superior to other varieties of sweetness, gentle astringency.

Pears are distinguished by good keeping quality, remaining until March.

May Day

On a large tree 6 meters high, the crown is narrow, pyramidal. It doesn't need pollinators. Classic-shaped pears weigh from 150 grams with a length of 10 centimeters. The skin has an even yellowish color, and the flesh is soft, but not watery. Harvests take up to 40 kilograms from a tree.

Saratovka

The variety tree reaches a height of 6-7 meters, with branches extending from the trunk at an acute angle upwards. Elongated pears are covered with an oily, dull skin. Under it, the flesh is sweet and sour, without astringency. Starting from the 5th year of life, the crop ripens, but it is periodic. Trees rarely freeze, withstanding severe frosts. They are drought resistant. Farmers can harvest up to 24 tons of pears per hectare, they are well preserved and transportable.

Pears of central Russia

Special climatic conditions of the middle zone do not allow all varieties of pears to bear fruit. In hot summers and harsh winters, not every plant can develop comfortably. Yes, and sudden changes in temperature can ruin unprepared specimens of horticultural crops. The region includes Nizhny Novgorod and Vladimir regions.

Weather conditions in areas such as Saratov and Yaroslavl are not favorable for some fruit crops.

Allegro

The hybrid is represented by a fast-growing tree with a slightly drooping crown. Elongated pear-shaped fruits reach a weight of 100-150 grams. Their surface is green with a slight pink tan. They ripen in the last decade of August. Delicate, sweet, without stony cells inside, pears are loved by gardeners.

Seedless

In the regions of Nizhny Novgorod and Yaroslavl, a hybrid is popular thanks to:

• fast growth;
• decorative crown with upward branches;
• small green fruits with a slight blush;
• melon-yellow pulp of medium firmness and sweetness.

Pears are used to make compotes. You can’t store them for a long time, they quickly deteriorate.

Lada

In areas near the Saratov region, this early summer hybrid is common.It belongs to the standard types of horticultural crops. A variety of mixed type of fruiting, sweet, with pears of 100 grams. They have fine-grained, yellowish flesh, covered with smooth and thin skin on top. On some specimens, a blush is visible on a yellowish background.

Skorospelka from Michurinsk

The variety zoned for the Central and Middle Volga regions is represented by a fast growing tree. Nearby it is necessary to place pollinators, for example, a pear in Memory of Yakovlev. We can say about the fruits that they are the correct pear-shaped, weighing only 70 grams. Their integumentary coloration is green-yellow, with pink spots in sunny weather.

Chizhovskaya

The late-summer hybrid is named after the famous breeder S. Chizhov. The variety is popular in the areas of the middle lane because:

• has a medium size tree;
• fruits with small pears;
• low fruit shedding;
• good keeping fruit.

Pear is pleasant both in its shape and sweet refreshing taste.

Other species

Suitable for growing in the region are the early varieties Vidnaya and Bryansk Beauty. Of the late summers, it is advised to choose a hybrid of the same age with high palatability. Banana pear not only has a peculiar taste and aroma, but also large yields. Pears Veles, Thumbelina are also popular in this region.

Varieties for the Moscow Region

In the suburbs, although summers are hot, winters are harsh. Therefore, for horticultural crops, sometimes there is not enough time to ripen. Suitable for planting plants with early and medium ripening.

Venus

The pear is distinguished by its high winter hardiness. Entering fruiting in the 5-6th year of life, it brings rich harvests. Pears are harvested in September. They weigh 120 grams, yellow-green, moderately juicy.

Vera Yellow

Winter-hardy culture that begins to bear fruit in the 6th year of life. Valued for being sweet, tasty, juicy, with a smooth skin.

Prominent or Bumpy

Produced by pollination with pollen from southern varieties and suitable for industrial cultivation. On a vigorous tree, fruits appear in August. They do not mature at the same time. Elongated dessert pears with a touch of nutmeg.

Smart Efimova

Columnar hybrid produces crops during September. In order for the pears not to overripe, they must be plucked in time. The marvelous culture is famous for the high taste of its fruits.

Tenderness

The tree is distinguished by beautiful large leaves, because of which fruits weighing 200 grams are visible. Their color is yellowish, there is a blush on the side. You can save pears for a long time.

Fabulous

The fruits of the variety are inherent in the fact that they are:

• large, over 250 grams;
• green with a yellowish sheen;
• suitable for processing into puree, jam;
• stored for 2 weeks.

Hybrid resistant to many fungal diseases.

Other varieties

In addition to the listed types of crops, in the Moscow region and nearby areas are grown:

• Conference;
• Muscovite;
• Favorite Yakovlev;
• Cathedral.

These pears have adapted to the weather conditions as they were bred by local breeders.

Varieties for the Southern Federal District

For the Rostov and Volgograd regions, it is easier to pick up seedlings of fruit crops.Here you can plant all kinds of summer, autumn and winter. They will bear fruit profusely. The only thing you need to look for is that the varieties are adapted to drought. The territory of the Krasnodar Territory is such a place that all horticultural crops feel comfortable and develop rapidly.

Disease resistant pear varieties

To avoid damage to pear plantations by fungal diseases, it is necessary to select varieties resistant to them. Such hybrids as Skorospelka from Michurinsk, Allegro variety are noted as the least sensitive to scab. The pear Hera, Yakovlevskaya has a high immunity.

Self-fertile pear varieties

In order not to bother with the planting of pollinators, it is necessary to select those crops that are self-pollinated. When both female and male flowers are formed on a pear, the ovaries will form quickly. These types of plants include pear Chizhovskaya, Tenderness, Maria.

What kind of seedlings to choose

It is necessary to choose planting material so that the variety is suitable for the conditions of a particular region. In the south, annual seedlings are planted, in the northern regions - biennials. The best seedlings should have a he althy root system, smooth bark, without damage. Their branches should not be bent and dry.

How to identify a pear variety

Before purchasing pear seedlings for cultivation, you need to pay attention to where the variety is bred. You can find out by a brief description of the culture. Select plant species that are zoned for a particular climatic zone. When buying, they take into account the type of fruit ripening, their quality, structural features of the tree.

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