Actinidia Arguta: description and variety varieties, cultivation and care with photos

Arguta cultivar Actinidia is rarely grown on plots by gardeners from the CIS countries. The plant bears tasty fruit rich in vitamins. Actinidia does not require painstaking care, it takes root well. The variety is resistant to frost, brings a bountiful harvest. For a successful planting of a crop, you should familiarize yourself with all the features.

Description

According to the description, Actinidia Arguta is a perennial deciduous vine, which is usually used to decorate the garden. The plant is fruitful, came to the countries of the former USSR from China and Japan. In Russia, it is usually grown in the Far East, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, sometimes in the Moscow region.The period of life of a culture is about 75-90 years.

The stem grows up to 30 meters in length. It is thin, 20 cm in diameter. As it matures, its base becomes woody, becoming brownish-gray instead of an olive color. The stem curls, when grown, it should be provided with an arch or other support.

The actinidia foliage looks elegant throughout its life. Before pollen begins, it is painted bright green, after which it brightens to a salad shade. In autumn, the plant changes its tone from rich lemon to crimson-raspberry, crimson. The leaf plate has an ellipse shape, the ends are sharply pointed.

The length of the sheet is 8-12 cm, width - 3-5 cm, the edges are cut with small teeth. They bloom in March, fall off in mid-October. Actinidia belongs to the group of dioecious plants. You can get a regular harvest only when planting male and female shrubs on the site at the same time in a ratio of 1: 5.The former act as pollinators, while the others produce fruits. In the absence of a pollinator, the berries become smaller, and the yield decreases.

Flowering and fruiting of Actinidia

Liana blooms after June 15th. From the flowers comes a wonderful, sweet aroma. Inflorescences with a diameter of 2 cm, white. Fruits in the 5th year of life in the second half of September.

Varieties

Actinidia Arguta has more than 10 varieties. They differ among themselves in fruits, appearance, gender. Growing varieties is easy, even a novice gardener can handle this task.

Balsam

Late-ripening Russian variety, fruits ripen by the end of September. In shape, they resemble a parallelepiped, the tops are rounded. Astringent, pine-like fruit with tender flesh and smooth, green skin.

Moonlight

This is a novelty, bred specifically for the middle zone of the Russian Federation. The berries grow olive in color, sweetish, refreshing. They are slightly flattened at the sides.

September

Incredibly frost-resistant vine variety that can withstand frosts down to -40. The fruits are tasty, tender, sweet, with emerald skin. The plant grows up to 7 meters, grows about 1.5-2 meters per season. Periodic pruning required. The life span is about 30 years.

Seaside

The variety is famous for its large berries with the smell of apples, sweet and sour taste. The fruits are covered with a shiny, green-yellow skin with small tubercles. The variety is not afraid of diseases, harmful insects, but the presence of male plants is required. There will be a lot of harvest if you put a beehive nearby.

Geneva

The variety is distinguished by pinkish-purple fruits, the most delicious of all varieties. They taste like honey and are widely used to make wine. The variety loves areas well-lit by the sun, does not tolerate drafts. Liana bears fruit constantly.

Green Balm

The taste of fruits of this variety is balsamic, sweet and sour. About 3 kilograms of berries ripen from one bush. The variety loves sunny places and partial shade, but winter-hardy, survives frosts. Pest and disease attacks are rare.

Wake

Fruits of sweet taste with sourness, salad color. In places where sunlight penetrates, reddish spots form. The variety is excellent for decorating the plot. From one bush you can collect up to 10 kg of berries. The shrub grows strongly, needs careful pruning, plucking of branches.

Issei (or Issai)

The variety is self-fertile, but it is better to plant female and male vines side by side. The first harvest ripens after 2 years of shrub life. The species loves sunny places without strong winds. Actinidia Issei must be regularly plucked, trimmed, the bush is prone to overgrowth.

Golden Spit

The variety is a powerful vine, 30 meters long. It has dark, large leaves. The variety survives frosts down to -40 degrees. The berries are greenish-yellow, elliptical in shape, sweet taste. The subspecies blooms in the last days of June.

Jumbo

Variety gives large fruits, ripens by the end of October. The weight of one berry is about 20 grams. The first crop is harvested 5 years after planting. The variety is famous for its short pollen period, about a week. The crop is well transported, keeping well.

Kokuwa

Kokuva fruits are similar to small kiwis, they are eaten with a juicy peel, soft, sweet taste with lemon sourness. The variety is self-fertile, but it is better to plant male and female vines side by side. Frost resistance is weak, the plant withstands cold down to -22 degrees.

Relay

Actinidia Relay is famous for its sweet and sour fruits, weighing up to 17 grams. The plant emits an apple-pineapple smell. This is one of the largest varieties.

Taiga emerald

The variety is distinguished by three valuable features - high resistance to cold, high content of ascorbic acid more than 100 mg /% and large fruit weight. It is up to 8.9 and 18.1 grams.

Pineapple

Pineapple actinidia is a variety of domestic selection, has oval fruits ripening in October with a sweet and sour taste. The name of the variety was due to the fruity smell that spreads around when the thin skin is cut. The variety is resistant to frost, does not require special care, but needs constant pruning. In the heat, the plant must be constantly watered.

Viti Kiwi

Subspecies of actinidia Viti Kiwi gives a lot of fruit, resistant to cold. It is often grown for industrial purposes. The fruits are juicy, outwardly resemble small, elongated green apples. In the context, they can be mistaken for kiwi, only pitted.The variety does not tolerate windy places where there is little light, acidification of the earth. The soil must be drained. The plant should be planted on a hill so that there is no accumulation of groundwater. There are no seeds in the berries.

Giraldi

Giraldi liana freezes at a temperature of -30, it is the most heat-loving crop. Outwardly, the appearance is similar to Argut's actinidia, it differs only in the thickness of the leaves and pubescence. Productivity is good, up to 5 kg of fruit from one bush.

Kens Red

Actinidia Kens Red produces sweet and sour fruits and is famous for its ornamental foliage. The fruits are like miniature kiwis with a slight blush. The plant is powerful, tall, reaches 7 meters in height, lives up to 90 years. 5 years after planting, produces a crop of large berries.

The variety tolerates low temperatures and adverse weather conditions well.

Purple garden

A variety of Actinidia Purple Garden differs from its counterparts in the color of the fruit. They are purple in color and are eaten with the skin on. It is thin, slightly sour. The flesh is purple-red. The fruits grow large, up to 4 cm long. The first crop will ripen 3 years after planting. The variety is propagated by layering, seeds, cuttings.

Bayern

The variety is an achievement of German breeding. Liana gives a bountiful harvest, bears fruit in the last days of September from the 3rd year of life. One bush gives up to 10 kg of fruit. They are green, slightly blushed, oval 32.5 cm.

Each of the subspecies has its own nuances in the selection of a place, the formation of shrubs, reproduction.

Features of cultivation

Actinidia grows well on loose, loamy, fertile soils.They should be well-drained with plenty of humus, slightly acidic and neutral earth solution. The plant does not tolerate stagnant water in the soil, reacts poorly to dry oxygen and lack of moisture. Actinidia Argut is grown in the same way as other vines. There are no special nuances in planting and care.

Preparation of planting material

Experienced gardeners recommend buying seedlings with a grafted root system. It is better to take material in a nursery or in the market from trusted sellers. You can not leave them with bare roots in the heat or wind. Planting material should be purchased 3 years of age or more. These should be male seedlings and female, in a ratio of 1-2: 5. The sex of the creeper is determined by the structure of the flowers in the first pollen. The male plant has buds with a mass of stamens, but no pistil. Female actinidias have many pistils.

Timing and site preparation

Planting should be carried out in March or October. Liana loves a lot of sunny color, this contributes to a large number of crops and a long life. Actinidia should be planted in a sunny place, which is in partial shade after lunch. The site should be on a slope or hill, where the liquid does not stagnate in the rhizome, but flows down.

Dig holes 2 weeks before planting. Their size should be 6070 cm. Maintain a distance of 2 meters between seedlings.

Boarding process

The actinidia planting technology consists of the following steps:

• pour a drainage layer of 15-20 cm at the bottom of the prepared hole using gravel, expanded clay or pebbles;
• check the soil for acidity, if necessary, fertilize with wood ash, superphosphate and potassium;
• pour a mound at the bottom of the hole, install a seedling on it, after spreading the root system;
• fill the hole, the root neck should remain at ground level;
• water and mulch abundantly, as young bushes are afraid of the sun.

Spruce branches and dry leaves are used as mulching material. The root system is the "weak point" of actinidia. It can be opened during transplantation only at the time of installation in the pit.

Care instructions

Caring for actinidia is easy. It is necessary to water it in a timely manner, fertilize, loosen the ground, cut it off. The last aspect is the most important. Actinidia Arguta is prone to overgrowth. If the care is competent and comprehensive, the plant will thank you with a bountiful harvest.

Irrigation

Irrigate actinidia should be plentiful during dry periods, 2-3 times a week. Set aside water first. When the weather is rainy, watering is reduced to 1 time per week.

Cutting

Pruning actinidia leads to stimulation of the growth of stems, awakening of the kidneys. The procedure is carried out with plants 3-4 years old. Prune it during the summer, cutting off damaged, dry branches. By winter, pluck the tips of the shoots, this will slow down their growth. Anti-aging pruning involves removing old branches from plants 10 years old.

You can not shorten the vine in March and September, because it has a strong sap flow.

Tapestry

Actinidia needs constant support. It can be a wall, a building, or a special trellis. The design helps form the plant in the form of an arch. When growing vines on a building, harvesting will have to be done on the rooftop.

Feeding

Fertilize actinidia with mineral supplements. This will increase its growth and increase the yield. In March, 20 g of potassium and phosphorus, 35 g of nitrogen should be applied per 1 square meter of land. After, water the plant abundantly. Repeat the procedure at the end of fruiting and before winter.

Pest and disease control

Actinidia is resistant to diseases and harmful insects, but it is better to carry out prevention in the form of regular care. Leaves are protected from fungal infections by pruning dry branches and fruits. To avoid the attack of harmful insects, every spring treat the vine with Bordeaux liquid, a solution of soda ash 0.5%.

Reproduction of actinidia

The plant is bred with seeds, root shoots, layering. The most reliable method is propagation by cuttings.

Role in landscape design

Liana is widely used to decorate gates, arches, the building itself. The plant is in perfect harmony with any flowers, cultures. The noble green shade will please the eye and create a cozy atmosphere.

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