Growing peanuts in Siberia in open ground: variety selection, planting and care

Growing peanuts in the cold climate of Siberia is possible in open ground. To do this, you need to know a few rules and follow the recommendations for care. Early maturing varieties of peanuts are used, which have time to yield before the first autumn frosts.

Features of this region

Growing peanuts in Siberia is difficult, as the plant loves a hot climate. Here it is created artificially. Prepare insulated beds or use greenhouses. In this region, the main thing is to choose the right time to transfer to the ground.By the beginning of autumn, they are harvesting. Nuts are harvested before the first autumn frosts.

Peanut varieties suitable for cultivation in Siberia

For planting peanuts in this climate, it is recommended to use early-ripening varieties that allow you to harvest 100-120 days after being transferred to the ground. The following varieties will do:

• Acorn;
• Perzuvan 462;
• Adyg;
• Klinskiy;
• Steppe.

Varieties with a longer maturation period are more difficult to grow. For starters, they are planted at home, and when summer comes, they are transferred to open ground. Seedlings of late varieties are prepared 2 months before planting.

How to grow peanuts in the country

To grow peanuts in the country, you need to know how to properly prepare the plots, choose a well-lit place, carry out the entire planting process correctly, create the recommended conditions for peanuts.

Site preparation

The plot has been prepared since autumn. They dig it up and fertilize it with manure or compost, as well as phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. In the spring, nitrogen fertilizers and ash are added. For 1 sq.m. soil contribute 100 grams of ash.

Peanut grows well and develops in fertile soils with a neutral environment. If planting in black soil is planned, then it is mixed with sand in advance .

Selecting planting material

Seeds are bought in specialized stores that guarantee germination and germination. Many gardeners also use their own raw peanut seeds. But in such cases, germination and germination is not guaranteed. They also sell ready-made seedlings, which are immediately transferred to the ground. When choosing seedlings, it is recommended to pay attention to the leaves. They should be strong, without damage and spots. The stem should be dense, without uncharacteristic bends, without damage.

If the cultivation of seeds gave good results and it was possible to get a crop, then the next season they use their own material.

Boarding process

Seeds are planted when the earth warms up to 15°C. In the Urals and Siberia, this temperature occurs in early June. Only with this value do they germinate. The first shoots appear after 10-12 days. When using seedlings, plants are transferred to the ground 20-25 days after germination. The boarding process is as follows:

• Prepare the site.
• Dig holes at a distance of 20-30 centimeters from each other. Between the beds leave a distance of 60-70 centimeters.
• After planting, the plants are watered with warm water.

Important! When using seeds, after transferring them to the soil, the holes are covered with a film until germination. In the daytime, the film is removed for 30 minutes so that the plant gets used to the climate.

Care instructions

To get a peanut crop, it is recommended to follow the tips for caring for plants.

Sowing and watering peanuts

After sowing the seeds and getting the first shoots, monitor the watering regime. The plant is drought tolerant, so it should not be overwatered. Watering is carried out 6-8 times per season. It turns out that every three weeks, 1 bucket of water is used for one bush. Water is used that has settled in advance, it should be warm. A month before harvesting, watering is completely removed. In extreme heat, water every 2 weeks.

Hilling plants

Peanut requires constant hilling of the plant. It is carried out after each rain and watering. Every 3-4 days, the plants are inspected, weeds are removed, the soil is loosened to create good aeration of the root system. This stimulates fruit formation.

Diseases and pests of crops

Peanut has a fairly stable immunity. However, there are diseases and insects that can disrupt its development. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to carry out preventive spraying and treatment of plants. Diseases that affect the culture:

• Powdery mildew. A white coating appears on the leaves of the bush, they gradually turn yellow and dry out. Peanut development slows down. Damaged areas are removed, the entire bush is treated with a fungicide, and those growing nearby.
• Grey rot. Dark spots form on the leaves, they gradually increase in size. The defeat occurs after flowering, the fruits are not tied, and in the presence of an ovary, development stops. Affected areas are removed and treated with a fungicide.
• Black rot. Black spots with a purple border form on the leaves. They grow slowly. The development of the bush stops, the leaves die off. At the advanced stage, the plant dies. For treatment, treat with a fungicide after removing damaged leaf blades.
• Fusariosis. There is a complete wilting of the bush. The disease penetrates the roots, they rot. The development of peanuts stops, nuts are not formed. It is difficult to save such a plant, it is removed from the garden so that the infection does not spread to neighboring shoots.

Insects also damage peanuts:

• Aphids. Small black insects breed on the leaves, which visually form a film. Localized on the underside of the sheet. They feed on the tissues of the plates, which gradually turn yellow and die. To combat them, insecticides are used.
• The Nutcracker. Insects live and reproduce in the soil. They have a well developed chewing apparatus. They gnaw holes in the pods and eat out the nuts from the inside. To prevent, traps are made for them next to the beds. Dig holes, put carrots or beets in them. Cover with a board on top. After the caught insects are destroyed.

Important! To prevent the development of infection and insect attacks, it is recommended that after 20 days of transfer to the ground, carry out preventive spraying with fungicides and insecticides.

Harvesting

Peanuts are harvested in early autumn, when the plant dries and the nuts are easily separated from the pods. It is important to harvest before the first frost, so as not to damage the fruit. The plants are dug up and rolled into shafts. Leave them to dry for a few days. Then the stems are separated from the pods. The stems are discarded, the fruits are dried.

Drying fruit

Drying is carried out in pods. Nuts are distributed on racks with a thickness of not more than 10 centimeters. The drying room should be well ventilated to prevent rot and mold growth.Dry at 40°C until the peel is dry. When pressed, it cracks easily.

After the fruits are laid out in rag bags and stored at a temperature of 8-10°C. Under the right conditions, the nuts keep well until the start of the next season.

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