Hazelnut grafting on a bear nut: description, methods and timing

Hazelnuts are liked by adults and children. They are grown in gardens, cultivated with various types of walnut trees. A common question for breeders is grafting a hazelnut onto a bearnut. The rules and timing of vaccination will be discussed below.

Vaccination timing

Hazelnut is one of the varieties of hazel, characterized by large fruits. In total, there are about 20 varieties of hazel, which are obtained by cultivation and grafting. For the cultivation of hazel, a bear nut is used, but other trees are also suitable. This is a long-lived, frost-resistant tree up to 25-30 m high.

There are several reasons why it is necessary to graft a hazelnut to a bear nut. This is done for:

• increased winter hardiness;
• treeing;
• precocity;
• increased productivity;
• lack of shoots;
• life extension;
• opportunities to exploit the area under the trees.

Hazelnuts are grafted onto bear nuts in the winter-spring period. To place the cuttings, it is better to use a heated room or a greenhouse.

Spring Grafting

Harvest cuttings should begin in late November or early March before the awakening of the kidneys. Store the cuttings in the cellar. It is necessary to vaccinate after a slight warming, depending on the region.In the southern part of the country, vaccination begins at the end of March, in the northern part - in mid-April. The buds of the scion must be dormant, otherwise the tree will die due to the lack of plastic substances in the cutting.

Summer Grafting

The stalk can be grafted in the summer, it is best to do this in July-August. It is necessary to cut the stalk right before grafting or a day before it. If the cuttings were cut the day before grafting, they should be wrapped in a damp cloth and placed in a bag. The grafting of cuttings to the crown is usually done in warm regions, since in cold weather they will not take root, they will disappear.

Methods of grafting hazelnuts

Propagation of hazelnuts by grafting to hazel varieties with many useful properties makes it possible to get new bushes in a short time. You can plant cuttings in early spring in the following ways:

1. Improved copulation is the most efficient method. It increases the percentage of survival due to close contact with the grafted parts and a large contact area. Copulation takes place in any season.
2. Grafted for the bark. This method gives one hundred percent survival rate. In the spring, due to the easy separation of the bark, the grafting process is simplified.
3. Grafting into split. The cuts must be correct, clearly matching. The cut point must be wrapped tightly. It is important that all factors are present - correct technique, good juicing, optimal environmental conditions.
4. Budding. In this case, an eye or a kidney is grafted. A germinating eye appears in spring, and a dormant eye appears in summer. Budding consists in the fact that before cutting the scion buds, natural omissions are eliminated. They should not touch the vaccination site. If the villi get into it, the fusion will fail. Survival can be improved with two or three buddings.

After grafting, no more than 2-3 buds should remain, they will ensure successful fusion and further development of the tree. Wrapping the cuttings in bags will prevent moisture from evaporating and protect from the sun.

Vaccination is done at a height of 1-1.5 m, after which all the buds are removed after germination, otherwise the stock and scion may be damaged. In places of cuts, you need to make a coating with garden pitch. After that, they are wrapped with PVC film, which is removed after bud break.

Winter vaccination

Hazelnut hazelnut can be grafted in winter and spring. In mid-November, rootstock bushes should be dug up, placed in a cellar where the temperature is at least 0^{оС. In early March, they need to be taken out of a heated room, washed with rhizomes, placed in mulch filled with boiling water for 10-14 days. This will wake up the rootstock.}

Shanks wrapped in a bag are best stored in a cool place. They are harvested in late November - early December. Until the moment of vaccination, they must be dormant. Otherwise, they will not take root and die.

You can determine the awakening of the rootstock by swollen or germinating buds. From this point on, you can start grafting trees. After completing all the grafting manipulations, the seedlings are placed in wet mulch for 14-21 days in a warm room with a temperature of +12-14^{оС. Irrigation should be done by systematic sprinkling. After warming, the trees are planted in boxes and germinated until autumn.}

Features of hazel grafting on a bear nut

A very effective technique for accelerating the growth and engraftment of cuttings is considered to grow together in a pipe. The plant is placed in a polypropylene sewer pipe at the grafting site. Warm air is supplied through it with a temperature of up to +25^оС - this will improve the fusion. The rest of the plant is cool (not lower than +12-13^oC).

A slit is made in the pipe, into which the seedling is inserted.Next, the pipe is wrapped with some kind of matter, without affecting the lower and upper parts of the tree. You can prevent the drying of the graft part by spreading it with garden pitch. The air can be heated by a heating cable or from a hot stove.

Growth occurs in three weeks, trees under such conditions take root in 98% of cases.

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