Black pig: description and characteristics of breeds, advantages and disadvantages

There are black breeds of pigs of greasy, meat-fat, meat direction. The choice of a particular variety depends on the climate, food supply, and the purpose of cultivation. Thanks to continuous breeding work, the important characteristics by which animals are judged are improving every year.

Common black pig breeds

The number of breeds grown by farmers, private traders, industrial enterprises is increasing. Black varieties of meat-fat, bacon, lard have long been in demand among pig breeders.

Black-and-white

This group combines pigs of several species with a peculiar black-and-white coloration. It includes the Belarusian, North Caucasian, Mirgorod breeds and Pietrain. The most popular meat-fat variety, which was bred in Belarus. Variegated piglets are bred by pig breeders in Ukraine, Kazakhstan and throughout Russia.

Boar Sow Length - 1.6 m 245 kg 750g% meat57% % fat Fat thickness

	Body measurements	Length - 1.8 m
	Weight	Up to 350 kg
	Daily weight gain
33%
31mm

Characteristic features of animals of this breed:

• dark suit, the presence of whitish and reddish tan marks;
• powerful physique, strong back, slightly rounded sides, wide chest;
• no wrinkles on the skin.

Motley pigs, bred in Belarus, live in the pasture in the summer, they are unpretentious in the food supply. They have stable immunity, medium precocity. Young fatteners gain 100 kg in 180-190 days. Sows are endowed with good maternal instinct, bear and give birth to 9-12 viable cubs in farrowing. Pietrain breed

Mirgorodsky pigs North Caucasian pigsWeight Boars 200-260kg, sows 170-220kgBoars 310-320kg, sows 220kg Boars 350 kg, sows 225 kg 500-600g700-750g% meat 50% 35% Fat thickness5-10mm45mm 24-29mm DirectionBaconGreasy Meat meat Black with light or brown spots 180-210 days Hard, shortMuchSoft, thick

			70%
55%		% lard	30%
30%
	Skin color	White-pink with dark spots	Light with dark and brown spots
	Precocity	210 su current	180 days
	Bristles

Vietnamese

Puberty in pigs comes early. A sow is used for breeding already at 4 months, and boars from 5 months of age. For one farrow, pig breeders receive 12 cubs. During the year, the sow farrows twice, so every year the farmer has 24 Vietnamese piglets. Pigs of the Vietnamese breed were brought to Europe recently. The farmers liked them. Pros that attract European pig farmers:

• lack of aggression;
• fertility;
• quick adaptation to weather conditions;
• strong immunity;
• delicacy meat.

Vietnamese black breed boars and sows gain 80-130 kg of live weight in fattening.

Black and white

In Siberia, a meat black-and-white breed of pigs adapted to the harsh climate, a local food supply, was bred, called it Kemerovo. Crossed northern Siberian breed, Landrace and the best representatives of Large White, Large Black.

Torso dimensionsLength - 1.8 mLength - 1, 7 mMass3.50 c2.25 tsAverage daily weight gain800g% meat55-60Fat (thickness)20-23 mm

Characteristic	Boar	Sow

The black-and-white variety of pigs is grown by farmers in Sakhalin, Tyva, Omsk region. They are in demand among pig farmers in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Kemerovo Region.

Large black

Bred in England, the breed is grown by farmers in the southern regions of the Russian Federation. A large black pig is popular with pig breeders in Ukraine and Belarus. The first purebred pigs were brought to the territory of the former USSR back in 1949. To date, large black piglets are bred in the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, in the Tula, Voronezh, Ryazan Regions.

Torso dimensionsLength - 1.73 mLength - 1, 6 mWeight3.50 c2.50 tsDaily Gain700gMeat, %50Lard, % Thickness of fat (fat)

Characteristic	Boar	Sow
40
2.5 cm

During the breeding work, several promising varieties were crossed:

• Chinese;
• Neapolitan;
• English long-eared.

Boars and sows of the breed have large black bristles, thick, dark. The head is not large. The neck is massive, short. The chest is barrel-shaped, wide. Legs with large hams, straight.

Rare black breeds

There are rare varieties with a dark color that you will not find on Russian farms. They come from countries with a warm climate.

Guinea pig

In terms of size, an adult Guinea pig is very similar to a piglet. The live weight of adult boars is 100 kg, sows - 50-70 kg, newborn calves - 500 g. The productivity of African pigs is low.

They have very short legs, massive torso. The skin is covered with thick black bristles.

Nero di Parma or Nera Parmesan

Rare Italian meat breed. Adult pigs gain weight 190-240 kg. Exterior Features:

• barrel torso;
• neck massive, not pronounced;
• head is large;
• pleated skin;
• medium-sized hams.

Fecundity of sows is average - 10 cubs.

Black Iberian pig

A rare species from warm countries: Portugal, Spain. Traditionally, Iberian jamon is prepared from the marbled meat of this rare breed. Most of the year, boars fatten their weight on pasture. In summer, black Iberian pigs feed on acorns, grass, roots.

Exterior Features:

• head is not big;
• legs high;
• body rounded, back arched;
• skin without bristles, black or grey.

Variety is extremely rare, on the verge of extinction.

Advantages and disadvantages

Pigs with dark skins are kept on pasture in summer. They are viable, do not respond to sudden changes in the weather. The conditions of keeping and the composition of the feed of piglets affect the quality of the meat.Pigs build up body fat quickly when kept in a barn.

Resilience Fecundity

Malnutrition negates all good things
	Productivity
No Aggression

Prospects for development and place in the domestic pig industry

In the conditions of Russia it is profitable to breed a universal meat-fat variety, black large. These pigs are adapted to difficult weather conditions. Animals have a calm disposition, stable immunity. Pork is of high quality, good taste.

Sows and boars of the large black breed are used as genetic material. When crossed with Large White pigs, they get promising black and white offspring, more prolific, highly productive, early maturing.

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